Rückversicherung und Risikostrukturausgleich als Instrumente der Risikoallokation in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung

Within the context of the Health Care Reform Act from 1992 a risk adjustment mechanism was introduced. The risk adjustment mechanism should reduce risk selecting that has increased with the introduction of greater choice for insured persons. With the redistribution of income for the risk factors age, gender, numbers of disabled people and the way to get sick-pay, competition should be developed with the aim of reduced competitive distortion and a fairer distribution of income. However, the risk adjustment mechanism has missed it aims partially, and it also has not increased the efficiency of the health care system. It is therefore necessary to ask for alternative solutions. The authors see an alternative in private reinsurance as an additional and substitute instrument to the risk adjustment mechanism.     

Agriculture in Eastern European countries: Light at the end of the tunnel?

Following recent events in East European countries the question has arisen as to what effect the possible changes in the agricultural policies of these countries might have on agricultural production and trade. Our author addresses this question paying special regard to the consequences for EC agriculture and the present GATT Round.     

Agriculture in Europe: New challenges ahead

The recent reform of the EC’s Common Agricultural Policy is likely to be only the beginning of the adjustments which will be necessary in the near future. Accession applications by various EFTA countries are pending. At the same time Eastern Europe desperately needs assistance from Western Europe, not only in the form of food aid but also in the form of help in establishing agricultural production and trade based on the laws of the market. The following article takes stock of the situation.     

Village Governance,Community Life,and the 2014 Village Law in Indonesia

In January 2014, the government of Indonesia issued Law 6/2014 on Villages, primarily to address weaknesses in the decentralisation paradigm by improving governance arrangements and shifting resources to a level of government less captured by special interests. Using longitudinal data from 40 Indonesian villages in the three Local Level Institutions studies, fielded in 1996, 2001, and 2012, we investigate the effects that prior policy has had on village life and identify the likely implications of the 2014 law on village governance. We focus on shifts in the capacities of and opportunities for local governments to increase their responsiveness to community needs, as well as consider the constraints on these governments. We suggest that there is potential for the law to increase government responsiveness—through a combination of strong financial management systems, new national institutional arrangements, and empowered citizens who can apply pressure on village governments to work in the interests of communities—but that substantial risks and obstacles remain.     

Zur Geschichte des Denkens über das soziale Leben

Ohne ZusammenfassungVgl. Harry Elmer Barnes and Howard Becker, Social Thought from Lore to Science. 2 Bde., Boston, 1938, D. C. Heath and Co.; 1. Band: A History and Interpretation of Man's Ideas about Life with his Fellows, XXIV u. XXXIV u. 790 Seiten. $ 5,–; 2. Band: Sociological Trends throughout the World, VIII u. LXXVII u. 387 Seiten, $ 4,50.