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81.
We examine whether strong networks among incumbent venture capitalists (VCs) in local markets help restrict entry by outside VCs, thus improving incumbents' bargaining power over entrepreneurs. More densely networked markets experience less entry, with a one‐standard deviation increase in network ties among incumbents reducing entry by approximately one‐third. Entrants with established ties to target‐market incumbents appear able to overcome this barrier to entry; in turn, incumbents react strategically to an increased threat of entry by freezing out any incumbents who facilitate entry into their market. Incumbents appear to benefit from reduced entry by paying lower prices for their deals. 相似文献
82.
Tord Andersson Colin Haslam Edward Lee George Katechos Nick Tsitsianis 《Accounting Forum》2010,34(3-4):211-221
The conjuncture that ushered in the era of shareholder value served to embed capital market expectations into corporate governance aligning management and shareholder interests. Market arbitrage focussed on modifying contractual relations with stakeholders to extract a (higher) return on invested capital. In this article we focus on cash earnings on capital employed generated by the S&P 500 survivor group of firms covering the period 1990–2008. We use this financial data to construct three complementary perspectives on corporate financial performance: firm, firm-relative and macro. Within this framework the financial numbers and perspectives are analogous to a ‘hall of mirrors’ where ambiguity and contradiction are in play frustrating straightforward performative narratives that connect purpose with financial transformation an era of shareholder value. 相似文献
83.
Consider discrete-time observations (X ? δ )1≤?≤n+1 of the process X satisfying $dX_{t}=\sqrt{V_{t}}dB_{t}Consider discrete-time observations (X
ℓ
δ
)1≤ℓ≤n+1 of the process X satisfying
dXt=?{Vt}dBtdX_{t}=\sqrt{V_{t}}dB_{t}
, with V a one-dimensional positive diffusion process independent of the Brownian motion B. For both the drift and the diffusion coefficient of the unobserved diffusion V, we propose nonparametric least square estimators, and provide bounds for their risk. Estimators are chosen among a collection
of functions belonging to a finite-dimensional space whose dimension is selected by a data driven procedure. Implementation
on simulated data illustrates how the method works. 相似文献
84.
Edward J. Green 《Journal of Monetary Economics》2010,57(2):121-131
In a random-matching economy of traders who maximize cumulative consumption (overtaking criterion), the stationary, Markov, Bayesian-perfect equilibrium is studied. At such equilibrium, two results hold: (1) perfect substitutability between current and future consumption implies a no-surplus condition; and (2) by the no-surplus condition, there is a nominal price at which all trades must occur. These results strengthen the seminal results of Ostroy (1973) regarding monetary bilateral exchange in two ways: the incentive compatibility of the equilibrium trading pattern is established and a less roundabout trading pattern enhances welfare by enabling consumption to occur more frequently. 相似文献
85.
Michael A. Goldstein Andriy V. Shkilko Bonnie F. Van Ness Robert A. Van Ness 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2010,35(4):371-391
Blume and Goldstein (J Finance 52:221–244, 1997) suggest that quote competition between trading venues may diminish following tick size reductions. We test this suggestion
by studying the competitive landscape in the NYSE-listed stocks before and after decimalization. We find that NBBO (National
Best Bid and Offer) participation by non-NYSE venues declines following decimalization consistent with the prediction. At
the same time, the importance of quote competitiveness in attracting order flow increases. In addition, although not as active
in determining and maintaining the best quotes under decimals, non-NYSE venues become more active in price discovery. Finally,
decimalization leads to lower trading costs and to smaller differences in trading costs across trading venues. 相似文献
86.
87.
Suchismita Mishra Arun J. Prakash Gordon V. Karels Manferd Peterson 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2005,29(1):85-96
The present study empirically examines the contribution of the acquired banks in only the nonconglomerate types of mergers
(i.e., banks with banks), where the bulk of the payment is in the form of equity to the acquiring bank and finds overwhelmingly
statistically significant evidence that nonconglomerate types of mergers definitely reduce the total as well as the unsystematic
risk while having no statistically significant effect on systematic risk. Therefore, it seems that diversification may be
a possible motive for bank mergers. 相似文献
88.
Journal of Productivity Analysis - Conventional models of data envelopment analysis (DEA) are based on the constant and variable returns-to-scale production technologies. Any optimal input and... 相似文献
89.
90.
Julia Plass Marco E.G.V. Cattaneo Thomas Augustin Georg Schollmeyer Christian Heumann 《Revue internationale de statistique》2019,87(3):580-603
In most surveys, one is confronted with missing or, more generally, coarse data. Traditional methods dealing with these data require strong, untestable and often doubtful assumptions, for example, coarsening at random. But due to the resulting, potentially severe bias, there is a growing interest in approaches that only include tenable knowledge about the coarsening process, leading to imprecise but reliable results. In this spirit, we study regression analysis with a coarse categorical‐dependent variable and precisely observed categorical covariates. Our (profile) likelihood‐based approach can incorporate weak knowledge about the coarsening process and thus offers a synthesis of traditional methods and cautious strategies refraining from any coarsening assumptions. This also allows a discussion of the uncertainty about the coarsening process, besides sampling uncertainty and model uncertainty. Our procedure is illustrated with data of the panel study ‘Labour market and social security' conducted by the Institute for Employment Research, whose questionnaire design produces coarse data. 相似文献