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1.
A market for medical care is characterized by uncertain, but inelastic demand and a ‘soft budget constraint’. We assume that in such a market, government decides on giving licenses to different private institutions to provide medical service. In this paper we present an argument as to why competition has a negative effect on social welfare and therefore government should only provide one license. We also explain why in such a market the profit-maximizing institutions install too high a capacity in comparison to a social optimum. 相似文献
2.
The house money effect predicts that individuals show increased risk-seeking behavior in the presence of prior windfall gains. Although the effect’s existence is widely accepted, experimental studies that compare individuals’ risk-taking behavior using house money to individuals’ risk-taking behavior using their own money produce contradictory results. This experimental field study analyzes the gambling behavior of 917 casino customers who face real losses. We find that customers who received free play at the entrance showed not higher but significantly lower levels of risk-taking behavior during their casino visit, expressed through lower average wagers. This study thus provides field evidence against the house money effect. Moreover, as a result of lower levels of risk seeking, endowed customers yield better economic results in the form of smaller own-money losses when leaving the casino. 相似文献
3.
The economic effects of federalism are unclear: some papers find that federalism has strong positive effects on a number of
economically relevant variables, others find negative effects. The results often crucially hinge on the proxies for federalism
used. In this paper, we critically survey the existing indicators for both federalism and fiscal decentralization. We argue
that federalism is a constitutional institution, whereas decentralization is the outcome of a policy choice, and that the
two ought to be systematically distinguished because decentralization can also occur in nonfederally structured states. We
further argue that institutional details are very important with regard to federalism and that dummy variables usually capture
only very specific aspects of these institutional details. We use factor analysis to test whether the latent variables behind
the observed indicators support these assumptions. More than two important factors are derived, implying that a more fine-grained
differentiation beyond simply “‘federalism” and “decentralization” might be in order. The correlations of the most important
proxies for various aspects of federalism and decentralization with a number of quasi-exogenous variables, as well as with
institutional variables, are usually rather modest. 相似文献
4.
《WTO经济导刊》编辑部 《WTO经济导刊》2011,(8):77
第四届中欧企业社会责任圆桌会议提供了一个很好的机会,让大家可以讨论中国企业社会责任方面的重要议题。除了我们在这次会议讨论的主题,我想要强调,这个会议本身就是讨论中国快速发展的企业社会责任历程中重要的组成部分。这个以企业社会责任为主题的圆桌会议早于2007年之前已经开始召开了,在过去几年中相继举办。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
Detlef Lorenz 《Intereconomics》1985,20(3):122-129
The orthodox theory of foreign trade, which is simply a theory of re-allocation, can scarcely do justice to the issues that arise in the context of North-South relations. Its isolation from the problems of world and regional economic development, different trade flows and the transfer of production factors reduces its relevance to employment. 相似文献
8.
9.
There is a growing awareness in many EU member states that business taxation solely on the basis of “taxable profits” enables,
in particular, multinational companies to avoid paying taxes, with negative consequences both for tax revenue and—in the longer
run—also for the stability of the economy. The following article proposes the taxation of all compensation of capital—not
only profit for equity, but also interest for outside capital and licence fees for outside rights—at the site of production. 相似文献
10.
Dr. Johannes Hoffmann ist Referent in der Abteilung Konjunktur und Wachstum der Deutschen Bundesbank; Hans-Albert Leifer Dipl.-?konom ist Leiter der Abteilung Allgemeine Wirtschaftsstatistik Kapitalmarktstatistik Jahresabschlussdatenpool
der Deutschen Bundesbank und Andreas Lorenz Dipl.-Volkswirt ist dort Mitarbeiter. 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2005,85(11):706-714
Nach der Euro-Umstellung Anfang 2002 entwickelte sich das Preisempfinden deutlich anders als der gemessene Verbraucherpreisindex.
Inwieweit wird auch heute noch die Preisentwicklung von den Konsumenten übersch?tzt? Wie zuverl?ssig misst der von Hans Wolfgang
Brachinger entwickelte „Index der wahrgenommenen Inflation“ dieses Ph?nomen? Zu welchen Ergebnissen kommen die von der EU-Kommission
beauftragten Verbraucherumfragen?
Die Verfasser geben ihre pers?nliche Auffassung wieder, die nicht unbedingt mit derjenigen der Deutschen Bundesbank übereinstimmen
muss. 相似文献