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61.
We study the target projection dynamic, a model of learning in normal form games. The dynamic is given a microeconomic foundation in terms of myopic optimization under control costs due to a certain status-quo bias. We establish a number of desirable properties of the dynamic: existence, uniqueness and continuity of solution trajectories, Nash stationarity, positive correlation with payoffs, and innovation. Sufficient conditions are provided under which strictly dominated strategies are wiped out. Finally, some stability results are provided for special classes of games. 相似文献
62.
This study proposes a simple theory of trade with endogenous firm productivity, occupational choice and income inequality. Individuals with different managerial talent choose to become entrepreneurs or workers. Entrepreneurs enhance firm productivity by investing in managerial capital. The model generates three income classes: low‐income workers facing the prospect of unemployment, middle‐income entrepreneurs managing domestic firms and high‐income entrepreneurs managing global firms. Trade liberalization policies raise unemployment and improve welfare. A reduction in per‐unit trade costs raises top incomes and generates labour‐market polarization. A reduction in fixed exporting costs has an ambiguous effect on top incomes and personal income distribution. Policies reducing labour‐market frictions or the costs of managerial‐capital acquisition create more jobs and improve welfare. The income distributional effects of labour‐market policies depend on which policy is implemented. 相似文献
63.
We reassess Mankiw, Romer and Weil's [mrw] version of the Solow model using, as did mrw, cross-sectional data to estimate the steady-state equation governing income per capita levels. The model fails in two critical
areas. First, plausible factor shares obtained by mrw are not robust to the substitution of two measures of human capital that are more precise than the secondary school enrollment
rates used by mrw. Second, the null hypothesis of an exogenous and identical level of technology in all countries is rejected. We also explain
why the Solow model performed well despite the above shortcomings. 相似文献
64.
Optimal currency shares in international reserves: The impact of the euro and the prospects for the dollar 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Elias Papaioannou Richard Portes Gregorios Siourounis 《Journal of the Japanese and International Economies》2006,20(4):508-547
Foreign exchange reserve accumulation has risen dramatically in recent years. The introduction of the euro, greater liquidity in other major currencies, and the rising current account deficits and external debt of the United States have increased the pressure on central banks to diversify away from the US dollar. A major portfolio shift would significantly affect exchange rates and the status of the dollar as the dominant international currency. We develop a dynamic mean-variance optimization framework with portfolio rebalancing costs to estimate optimal portfolio weights among the main international currencies. Making various assumptions on expected currency returns and the variance–covariance structure, we assess how the euro has changed this allocation. We then perform simulations for the optimal currency allocations of four large emerging market countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China), adding constraints that reflect a central bank's desire to hold a sizable portion of its portfolio in the currencies of its peg, its foreign debt and its international trade. Our main results are: (i) The optimizer can match the large share of the US dollar in reserves, when the dollar is the reference (risk-free) currency. (ii) The optimum portfolios show a much lower weight for the euro than is observed. This suggests that the euro may already enjoy an enhanced role as an international reserve currency (“punching above its weight”). (iii) Growth in issuance of euro-denominated securities, a rise in euro zone trade with key emerging markets, and increased use of the euro as a currency peg, would all work towards raising the optimal euro shares, with the last factor being quantitatively the most important. J. Japanese Int. Economies 20 (4) (2006) 508–547. 相似文献
65.
66.
Rafik Z. Elias 《Journal of Education for Business》2017,92(4):194-199
Cheating is an epidemic in higher education. The author examined the psychological variable of academic entitlement and its relationship with the ethical perception of cheating using a sample of business students. Contrary to some previous research, the author found that millennials were only slightly more academically entitled than students from other generations but overall had a low sense of entitlement. Highly entitled business students viewed cheating actions as less unethical compared with less entitled students. 相似文献
67.
We build a model of R&D-based growth in which the discovery of higher-quality products is governed by sequential stochastic
innovation contests. We term the costly attempts of incumbent firms to safeguard the monopoly rents from their past innovations
rent-protecting activities. Our analysis (1) offers a novel explanation of the observation that the difficulty of conducting R&D has been increasing
over time, (2) establishes the emergence of endogenous scale-invariant long-run innovation and growth, and (3) identifies
a new structural barrier to innovation and growth. We also show that long-run growth depends positively on proportional R&D
subsidies, the population growth rate, and the size of innovations, but negatively on the market interest rate and the effectiveness
of rent-protecting activities.
An unpublished version of this paper was circulated earlier under the title “Innovation and Rent Protection in the Theory
of Schumpeterian Growth.” We thank an anonymous referee and seminar participants in several venues for useful comments and
suggestions. 相似文献
68.
The paper develops a general-equilibrium model of scale-invariant Schumpeterian (R&D-based) growth. New higher-quality products are discovered through stochastic and sequential R&D races in each industry. The market share of an R&D race winner increases gradually and is governed by an exponential deterministic process. The introduction of gradual (as opposed to instantaneous) product replacement sheds more light on the effects of the rate of technology diffusion on long-run growth and on long-run dynamics of intangible asset prices. An economy with faster product diffusion rates experiences higher long-run innovation rates, faster transitional growth, and is populated by younger firms. As the typical firm becomes older, the earnings yield (i.e., the inverse of the price earnings (P/E) ratio) increases and expected earnings growth declines. Younger firms have lower earnings, lower market shares, but higher P/E ratios and higher expected earnings growth associated with their higher potential market growth.An electronic version of the paper is available at http://bear.cba.ufl.edu/dinopoulos/research.html. 相似文献
69.
Analysing the stakes of stakeholders in research and development project management: a systems approach
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Arun Abraham Elias 《R&D Management》2016,46(4):749-760
Research and development (R&D) project management involves managing multiple stakeholders with conflicting stakes. This article proposes a systems approach to capture such conflicting stakes of multiple stakeholders in controversial R&D projects. The approach is illustrated using a New Zealand case study related to the use of 1080 chemical for pest management. Initially, the problem situation was structured systemically by analysing the behaviour of the main variables and by conducting a stakeholder analysis. Further, a participative systems model related to the problem situation was developed using a group model‐building process. The analysis of the model revealed a set of feedback loops operating in the system identified as constituting and responsible for the complexity of the problem situation relating to 1080 use. In conclusion, the paper highlights some strategies suggested by the stakeholders to manage conflict. 相似文献
70.
Elias S. W. Shiu 《Scandinavian actuarial journal》2013,2013(3-4):191-197
Abstract This paper presents an “operational calculus” method for evaluating the convolution of uniform distributions and applies it to solve a problem in ruin theory. 相似文献