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83.
We study the dynamic impact of recycling through its effect on the production set of the economy and its relationship with
natural resources. The contribution of renewable and recyclable resources for sustainability is studied. Although in the short
run recycling may alleviate resource scarcity, in the long run it is not enough to compensate for the exhaustibility of non-renewable
resources and the possibility of obtaining non-decreasing output paths crucially depends on the extent to which production
rests on renewable resources. Furthermore, recycling interacts with natural resource growth, surprisingly not always favoring
sustainability. The Production and Recycling Function is a generalization of the traditional production function, providing
an integrated view of regular production and recycling and representing the production set of the economy when a recycling
technology is available. 相似文献
84.
A kernel-based method for nonparametric estimation of variograms 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Variogram estimation plays an important role in many areas of spatial statistics. Potential areas of application include biology, ecology, economics and meteorology. However, it is common that, for example under highly correlated patterns, traditional estimators can not reflect all the spatial features or dependencies. In this paper, we present an alternative distribution-free estimator based on nearest-neighbour estimation with a non-constant smoothing field that is better able to adapt to spatially varying features of the data pattern. We present a simulation study to compare our new estimator to a nearest-neighbour estimator built with a constant smoothing parameter and to the classical variogram estimator. We apply our method to analyze two ecological data sets. 相似文献
85.
Exploring different views of exchange rate regime choice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fabrizio Carmignani Emilio Colombo Patrizio Tirelli 《Journal of International Money and Finance》2008,27(7):1177-1197
The empirical distinction between de facto and de jure exchange rate regimes raises a number of interesting questions. Which factors may induce a de facto peg? Why do countries enforce a peg but do not announce it? Why do countries “break their promises”? We show that a stable socio-political environment and an efficient political decision-making process are a necessary prerequisite for choosing a peg and sticking to it, challenging the view that sees the exchange rate as a commitment device. Policymakers seem rather concerned with regime sustainability in the face of adverse economic and socio-political fundamentals. 相似文献
86.
The paper studies the motivations behind banks’ shareholding of non-financial firms using a panel of large Italian companies in the period 1994–2000. Empirical evidence shows that banks are shareholders of companies that are less profitable, have experienced slower growth, are more indebted, are endowed with collateral and have hard time to repay their debt out of current income. Banks are more likely to hold shares in companies they lend to. Overall the evidence suggests that there is complementarity between bank equity holding and lending. A plausible explanation is the shareholder–debtholder conflict, the evidence is weakly compatible with governance and information hypotheses. 相似文献
87.
Emilio Giardina Isidoro Mazza Giacomo Pignataro Ilde Rizzo 《International Advances in Economic Research》2016,22(3):321-332
This paper highlights issues in the theory of voluntary provision of public goods, building on the investigation by Peacock in connection with the contributions by Coase and Buchanan. Our goal is twofold. We first draw attention to the early literature investigating the provision of public goods and to the successive theoretical analysis. We then focus on the impact of technology on supply and demand. Examples of different types of public goods are provided, with special attention to the cultural sector, to investigate whether and how technology affects the efficiency and the effectiveness of the related public goods provision. The implementation and exploitation of technological advancements are investigated in view of the role of different actors (public, private) at different levels of government. 相似文献
88.
Emilio Zanetti Chini 《International Journal of Forecasting》2018,34(4):711-732
The generalized smooth transition autoregression (GSTAR) parametrizes the joint asymmetry in the duration and length of cycles in macroeconomic time series by using particular generalizations of the logistic function. The symmetric smooth transition and linear autoregressions are nested in the GSTAR. A test for the null hypothesis of dynamic symmetry is presented. Two case studies indicate that dynamic asymmetry is a key feature of the U.S. economy. The GSTAR model beats its competitors for point forecasting, but this superiority becomes less evident for density forecasting and in uncertain forecasting environments. 相似文献
89.
Spillover effects are treated as the influence of knowledge and innovation diffusion on an economic activity, but their analysis related to environmental practices within firms is still quite scarce. This study investigates the effect of environmental practices and related spillovers on productivity and efficiency in agri-food firms located in Southeast Spain. The low investment in research and development actions in comparison with the industrial sector, together with the relatively recent application of environmental requirements and the heterogeneity of environmental controls within firms have led to important changes in the organisation and management of their productive activity. These features are especially related to the implications that location and clustering factors have on environmental knowledge and innovation diffusion. Taking environmental management practices as knowledge of capital, we propose a specific analysis that evaluates the impacts of both environmental investment and spillover on the production function. The results indicate the relationship between productivity improvement and environmental practices, also showing the presence of positive spillovers. In a second-stage analysis, the incidence of environmental variables on the individual technical efficiency of firms is also determined. On the whole, the empirical analysis provides evidence of the links between environmental practices spillovers and economic performance. 相似文献
90.
Said Elfakhani Larry J. Lockwood Tarek S. Zaher 《The Journal of Financial Research》1998,21(3):277-291
We examine the relation among average returns, market beta, firm size, and book-to-market value for Canadian stocks during 1975–92. We document a negative relation between average return and the market capitalization of firms, but find no relation between average return and market beta. While the small firm effect is significant during a period of reduced capital gains tax, it is noticeably lower than during the period leading up to the change. We find that average returns are positively related to book-to-market value especially during the period of lower capital gains tax. 相似文献