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121.
Eric Rodríguez 《Journal of Business Research》2008,61(6):640-647
Foreign market entry strategy involves choices about which markets to enter and how to do it. Most of the literature on foreign direct investment reflects an interest in ownership structure decisions and the risks foreign investing firm may face. As recognized in many studies, one set of risks arises from public expropriation hazards, a function of the ability of the host country's institutional environment to credibly commit to a given policy or regulatory regime. Empirical research has shown this hazard to have an impact on ownership levels. This study is a theoretical model that describes how multinational firms face moral hazard risk from their local partners and political risk from the host country when they decide to go abroad in a joint-venture alliance. I found that the greater the level of hazard expropriation, the lower the participation of the multinational firm in the final cash flow, except for when the multinational firm has the negotiation power and there is a high level of local investment protectionism. In that case, the multinational firm increases its participation in the final cash flow. 相似文献
122.
Eric H. Shaw 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1990,18(4):285-292
This article reviews empirical studies of aggregate marketing cost and aggregate marketing productivity in the United States.
A methodological comparison is made of five cost studies for 1929 and seven productivity studies covering a period from 1869
to 1968. The cost studies do not clarify—one way or the other—if marketing costs too much or too little. The productivity
studies, on the other hand, despite a variety of methodologies, reveal a rising secular trend over the past century. Thus,
it may be concluded that irrespective of changes in cost, marketing is becoming more productive. 相似文献
123.
124.
Steven J. Miller Eric T. Bradlow Kevin Dayaratna 《Quantitative Marketing and Economics》2006,4(2):173-206
Articles in Marketing and choice literatures have demonstrated the need for incorporating person-level heterogeneity into
behavioral models (e.g., logit models for multiple binary outcomes as studied here). However, the logit likelihood extended
with a population distribution of heterogeneity doesn’t yield closed-form inferences, and therefore numerical integration
techniques are relied upon (e.g., MCMC methods).
We present here an alternative, closed-form Bayesian inferences for the logit model, which we obtain by approximating the
logit likelihood via a polynomial expansion, and then positing a distribution of heterogeneity from a flexible family that
is now conjugate and integrable. For problems where the response coefficients are independent, choosing the Gamma distribution
leads to rapidly convergent closed-form expansions; if there are correlations among the coefficients one can still obtain
rapidly convergent closed-form expansions by positing a distribution of heterogeneity from a Multivariate Gamma distribution.
The solution then comes from the moment generating function of the Multivariate Gamma distribution or in general from the
multivariate heterogeneity distribution assumed.
Closed-form Bayesian inferences, derivatives (useful for elasticity calculations), population distribution parameter estimates
(useful for summarization) and starting values (useful for complicated algorithms) are hence directly available. Two simulation
studies demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
JEL Classification C6 · C8 · M3 相似文献
125.
Tony L. Henthorne Donald P. Robin R. Eric Reidenbach 《Journal of Business Ethics》1992,11(11):849-856
This research examines, in a general manner, the degree and character of perceptual congruity between salespeople and managers on ethical issues. Salespeople and managers from a diversity of organizations were presented with three scenarios having varying degrees of ethical content and were asked to evaluate the action of the individual in each scenario. Findings indicate that, in every instance, the participating managers tended (1) to be more critical of the action displayed in the scenarios, (2) to view the action as violating a sense of contract or promise, and (3) to view the action as less culturally acceptable than did the salespeople.Tony L. Henthorne is Associate Professor of Marketing at the University of Southern Mississippi. Dr. Henthorne has published in such journals asPsychology and Marketing andJournal of Professional Services Marketing.Donald P. Robin is Professor of Business Ethics and Professor of Marketing at the University of Southern Mississippi. Dr. Robin is coauthor with Eric Reidenbach of two recent books on business ethics. Dr. Robin has contributed several articles on business ethics in such journals asJournal of Marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, andJournal of Business Ethics. He is also a frequent lecturer on the topic of business ethics.R. Eric Reidenbach is the Director of the Center for Business Development and Research and Professor of Marketing at the University of Southern Mississippi. Dr. Reidenbach has written numerous articles for such journals asJournal of Business Ethics, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Macromarketing, andJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science. Dr. Reidenbach has coauthored two books on business ethics. 相似文献
126.
International trade and child labor: Cross-country evidence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We explore the relationship between exposure to trade (as measured by openness) and child labor in a cross-country setting. Our methodology accounts for the fact that trade flows are endogenous to child labor (and labor standards more generally) by examining the relationship between child labor and variation in trade based on geography. We find that countries that trade more have less child labor. At the cross-country means, the data suggest an openness elasticity of child labor of − 0.7. For low-income countries, the elasticity of child labor with respect to trade with high-income countries is − 0.9. However, these relationships appear to be largely attributable to the positive association between trade and income. We consistently find a small and statistically insignificant association between openness and child labor when we control for cross-country income differences in the full sample, when we split the sample into different country groups, consider only trade between high- and low-income countries, or focus on exports of unskilled-labor intensive products from low-income countries. Thus, the cross-country data do not substantiate assertions that trade per se plays a significant role in perpetuating the high levels of child labor that pervade low-income countries. 相似文献
127.
Sterling D. Sessions and Gene A. Sessions explore the rise andtransformation of Utah International, one of the most importantcorporations in the history of the American West. Their storybegins with Edmund and William Wattis, two ambitious brotherswho set out to make their fortune in Utah in the late nineteenthcentury. In 1900, they founded the Utah Construction Company,which focused on railroad projects, from cutting tunnels throughthe High Sierras to laying track in the humid backcountry 相似文献
128.
The aggregation of individual random AR(1) models generally leads to an AR(∞) process. We provide two consistent estimators of aggregate dynamics based on either a parametric regression or a minimum distance approach for use when only macro data are available. Notably, both estimators allow us to recover some moments of the cross-sectional distribution of the autoregressive parameter. Both estimators perform very well in our Monte-Carlo experiment, even with finite samples. 相似文献
129.
The effects of social justice and stigma-consciousness on gay customers' service recovery evaluation
This study examines how social justice and the stigma-consciousness level of gay customers influence their service recovery perceptions. The results, based on an experiment involving 379 gay respondents, indicate that distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice significantly affect gay customers' service recovery evaluations (satisfaction) and post-complaint behavioral intentions (negative word-of-mouth and repatronage). Also, higher stigma-consciousness gay customers show more negative service recovery evaluations and behavioral intentions than those with lower stigma-consciousness. Service providers who are interested in attracting and maintaining gay customers should create awareness among their employees about stigma-consciousness. 相似文献
130.
Janaina Mascarenhas Hornos da Costa Josef Oehmen Eric Rebentisch Deborah Nightingale 《R&D Management》2014,44(4):370-383
This paper presents a compilation and empirical survey‐based evaluation of the metrics most commonly used by program managers during product development management. This work is part of a bigger project of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Project Management Institute (PMI) and International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE). Three methodological procedures were applied: systematic literature review, focus‐group discussions, and survey. The survey results indicate the metrics considered to be the most and least useful for managing lean engineering programs, and reveals a shift of interest towards qualitative metrics, especially the ones that address the achievement of stakeholder values, and the absence of useful metrics regarding the lean principles People and Pull. 相似文献