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61.
Luigi Cembalo Francesco Caracciolo Eugenio Pomarici 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2014,58(3):374-391
The wine market has evolved dramatically over the last three decades. The premium wine segment has expanded significantly to the detriment of basic wines. Nevertheless, in traditional wine producing and consuming countries, inexpensive wines still account for a large market share, both in volume and value. Marketing strategies for such wines are changing in an attempt to tap this increasingly crowded market segment. Despite its importance, the basic wine segment has not been studied in‐depth and is often assumed to have no product differentiation. This paper tried to ascertain the existence of a possible degree of heterogeneity within nonpremium wines and to measure, by means of elasticity computation, the relationships among categories of wines aggregated with criteria that go beyond price. A demand system (censored QUAIDS) was estimated, using a statistically representative panel of 6,773 Italian households, to see to what extent, if any, substitution occurs in home consumption of basic wines, which is the main channel of distribution of inexpensive wines in Italy. Although price is an important lever in supply policies, our results also suggest the importance of packaging, such as carton as an alternative to glass. 相似文献
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63.
We analyze a model where there is uncertainty about the future power of two ex-ante symmetric elites to appropriate surplus, and ex-ante surplus sharing agreements are not binding. We show that in an oligarchy, the stronger elite appropriates the entire available surplus, whereas a democracy results in a more balanced surplus allocation between the two elites. In a democracy, the newly enfranchised non-elite organize to act collectively, so that the weaker elite can credibly threaten to form a coalition with the organized non-elite against the stronger elite. Such a threat ensures that the more balanced surplus sharing proposal chosen by majority voting is renegotiation-proof. Therefore, sufficiently risk-averse elites unanimously choose democracy as a form of insurance against future imbalances in relative power. We emphasize that franchise extension to, and low cost of organizing collective political activity for, the non-elite are both necessary features of a democracy. Our formal analysis can account for the stylized facts that emerge from a comparative analysis of Indian and Western European democracies. 相似文献
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65.
Eugenio J. Miravete 《Empirical Economics》2014,46(4):1521-1544
I study whether the pricing strategies of competing duopolists in the early US cellular telephone industry can be considered strategic complements or substitutes. In order to do so, I present a multivariate count data regression model that is suitable to test for the existence of strategic complementarities when firms make use of countable strategies. The estimator, which accommodates the underdispersion that characterizes the data, is shown to have better small-sample properties than common estimators based on the Gaussian copula. It also allows for correlations of any sign among counts independently of the dispersion parameters. Results show that in addition to screening consumers, competing firms imitated each other in the number of tariff options offered to their customers. 相似文献
66.
The role of self selection, usage uncertainty and learning in the demand for local telephone service
Sridhar Narayanan Pradeep K. Chintagunta Eugenio J. Miravete 《Quantitative Marketing and Economics》2007,5(1):1-34
Telephone services are often characterized by the presence of ‘fixed’ plans, involving only a fixed monthly fee, as well as
‘measured’ plans, with both fixed fees and per-unit charges for usage. Consumers are faced with the decisions of which plan
to choose and how much to use the phone and these decisions are not, in general, independent. Due to the presence of a time
lag between plan choice and usage decisions, consumers are uncertain about usage at the plan-choice stage. We develop a structural
discrete/continuous model of plan choice and usage decisions of consumers that accounts for such uncertainty. Prior research
has also found that consumers switch less often from fixed plans to measured plans to gain from potential savings than vice
versa. Consumer uncertainty regarding their mean usage levels and different rates of learning by consumers in the two plans
is a potential explanation for this phenomenon. We extend our discrete/continuous model to account for consumer learning about
their mean usage and estimate different rates of learning for the two types of plans.
We estimate our model using data from the 1986 Kentucky local telephone tariff experiment. Even in the absence of any price
variation over time, we are able to measure the price elasticities both of usage and of choice of plan. Using our parameter
estimates, we simulate the effects of the introduction of a metered plan in a market with only a fixed plan and vice versa,
on both firm revenues and consumer surplus. We also find that consumers learn very rapidly if they are on the measured plan
but learn very slowly when they are on the fixed plan. We investigate an alternative assumption on the nature of the learning
process in which only consumers in the measured plan have an opportunity to learn. We find that our empirical results are
robust to this change of specification. We conduct counterfactual simulations to simulate enhanced calling plans from the
firm and consumer points of view. Additional simulations to measure the value of information in this category are also carried
out. We compute the value of both complete information, where the entire uncertainty about future usage is resolved, as well
as that of limited information, where the consumer's uncertainty about mean usage is resolved, but the uncertainty about specific
month-to-month usage remains. We find that the value of information is modest. We also find that a large proportion of the
value of information is that about the mean usage, with the value of the information about a specific month's usage being
relatively small.
相似文献
Eugenio J. MiraveteEmail: |
67.
Eugenio De Gregorio 《Quality and Quantity》2014,48(1):197-215
This article summarises the main findings of a study on the narrative construction of deviant actions which focused both on the contents and the structures of the narrative accounts provided by criminals. The research was conducted by collecting narrative interviews. These involved 34 individuals detained in two penal institutions in Rome. These accounts are typically constructed in a non-investigative context. Their exploration is mainly qualitative, but our aim here concern the quantitative sight of qualitative data and viceversa. The project was focused to find if there are any differences in the narrative accounts provided by different offenders, classified according to the type of crime they committed and their experience in the area of deviance. All interviews were analysed using a qualitative data analysis software and taking the “Evaluation model” as a reference. Participants were divided into three groups according to their criminal experience and into four groups according to the crime they committed. The results show that there are important differences in the way a crime is reconstructed by offenders with different criminal history. The paper also proposes solutions and innovative strategies to deal with quantification and qualitative data. 相似文献
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69.
Alberto Amadasi Elisa Cerutti Laura Spagnoli Alberto Blandino Alessandra Rancati Carlotta Gallo 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2016,23(2):197-205
Despite the introduction of new traffic laws in Italy, traffic-related deaths are still a huge burden. The study presents data and medico-legal issues behind traffic deaths in Milan between 2001 and 2012 (1506 traffic-related deaths). Data were collected from the database of the Department of Legal Medicine: 79.4% males and 20.6% females (mean age 44.14). The target group concerned traumatic deaths as a consequence of the accident as well as deaths not directly related to an accident. Although 6.1% were non-traumatic deaths (cause of death unconnected to the accident, i.e. because of a heart attack, or when death occurred after survival and cause of death was not related certainly to the accident), multiple skeletal/visceral injuries were the main cause of death (57.9%), occurring in motorcyclists the most (63.7%). Injuries to the skull and brain were the second cause of death (25.9%). Victims were mostly males (79.4%) and drivers (77.6%). Fifty-five per cent were deaths on-scene, while 45% survived. Other variables were also considered: medications, medical history, and drugs/alcohol/smoke. A downward trend in traffic-related fatalities was evident, but the toll is still high. This study should be a glimpse at the actual situation, since it is indicative of a metropolitan area where autopsies are systematically performed. 相似文献
70.
There have been important changes in the international trade of processed and high-value added food products from developing countries over the past several decades. One of them has been the emergence of oilseeds and fruits and vegetables, replacing traditional products such as sugar, coffee, and cocoa as the main exports from developing countries. Another trend has been the collapse of African agroindustrial exports and the increase of exports from Asia. The paper highlights key trends, and explores possible reasons for the trends, focusing on trade policies in less-developed countries (LDCs) and developed countries (DCs). The paper argues that national trade policies and other economic policies appear to have been relatively supportive of agroindustrial production and exports in Asia. In contrast, policies have had more mixed effects in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and seem to have been just one component in a larger array of forces inhibiting economic development in Africa. The performance of agroindustrial production and exports from LDCs may be now more dependent than ever on the completion of reforms in the agricultural trade policies of DCs. For Africa, however, a more supportive international environment and better macroeconomic and trade policies will not be enough to ensure a thriving agroindustrial sector within a broader process of economic development until military confrontations stop. 相似文献