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61.
James A. Brox Ramesh C. Kumar Kenneth R. Stollery 《American journal of agricultural economics》2003,85(2):414-428
This article deals with the problem of item nonresponse in contingent valuation surveys using a payment-card method, by applying a grouped-data sample-selection estimation technique that is capable of imputing the missing values conditional upon a respondent's decision to answer a willingness-to-pay question. The advantage of the technique lies in its ability to utilize all of the information in the sample, permitting a more efficient estimation in the presence of item nonresponse bias. The major determinants of willingness to pay appear to be household income, number of children, education, perception of existing water quality, and identification with environmental issues. 相似文献
62.
通过对《形状和位置公差》新、旧国际的对比,综述了新、旧标准间的不同之处、便于迅速了解和应用新标准。 相似文献
63.
Summary Standard laboratory posted-offer markets respond slowly and incompletely to demand shocks. In these one-sided markets, where sellers control the setting of prices, very little information is transmitted via the process of exchange. For this reason, traders have trouble distinguishing randomness in their own experience from changes in market fundamentals. This paper reports the results of twelve laboratory markets conducted to assess whether some common variants to standard posted-offer rules can correct the adjustment deficiences. Although discounting, multiple postings and excess demand information all improve performance, we find that response remains poor, and efficiencies low.Support for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (SBR 9319842 and SBR 9320044), and the University of Virginia Bankard Fund. Data are archived at FTP address: fido.econlab.arizona.edu. We wish to thank Charles Plott and Shyam Sunder for useful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. The usual disclaimer applies. 相似文献
64.
一、马克思主义的“生产决定消费”原理模型与知识经济学的“消费决定生产”原理模型生产是社会再生产过程诸环节中的决定性环节,对交换、分配和消费各环节起主要的决定的作用,没有生产就没有交换、分配和消费;交换、分配和消费反过来又影响生产。这是马克思主义的一个基本原理 相似文献
65.
Fang Cai director professor Institute of Population Labor Economics Chinese Academy ofSocial Sciences assistant professor Institute of Populationand Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Du associate professor Institute of Population Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2005,(1)
I.IntroductionSincethelate1990s,China’slabor market has comeundergreat pressure,asreflected by anincreasing unemployment rate,and adeclining labor force participation rate.The causesofthe severe unemployment are threefold.First,due to the macro-economic downturn andrapid industrial structural change in the late1990s,state-owned enterprises(SOEs),whichlost their comparative advantage and competitiveness,have been unable to fully utilizetheir production capacity,and have become loss-makers.Se… 相似文献
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The aim of the paper is to examine the effects on employment of the large-scale structural adjustment programme undertaken by Turkey from the early 1980s onwards. In this respect, we particularly analyse how appropriate the choices of factor intensity after structural adjustment programme have been in the domestic production in comparison with the availability of domestic factor endowment. Our findings show that foreign trade in intermediate goods creates extra use of domestic labour, which can be considered as the labour cost of importing intermediate goods. This is the case in the majority of industries in the pre- and post-liberalisation period in Turkey. However, the capacity of using extra labour as a result of importing intermediate goods appeared to have decreased in the post-liberalisation period. 相似文献