Testing spatial regression models under nonregular conditions

In time series context, estimation and testing issues with autoregressive and moving average (ARMA) models are well understood. Similar issues in the context of spatial ARMA models for the disturbance of the regression, however, remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we discuss the problems of testing no spatial dependence in the disturbances against the alternative of spatial ARMA process incorporating the possible presence of spatial dependence in the dependent variable. The problems of conducting such a test are twofold. First, under the null hypothesis, the nuisance parameter is not identified, resulting in a singular information matrix (IM), which is a nonregular case in statistical inference. To take account of singular IM, we follow Davies (Biometrika 64(2):247–254, 1977; Biometrika 74(1):33–43, 1987) and propose a test procedure based on the supremum of the Rao score test statistic. Second, the possible presence of spatial lag dependence will have adverse effect on the performance of the test. Using the general test procedure of Bera and Yoon (Econom Theory 9:649–658, 1993) under local misspecification, we avoid the explicit estimation of the spatial autoregressive parameter. Thus our suggested tests are entirely based on ordinary least squares estimation. Tests suggested here can be viewed as a generalization of Anselin et al. (Reg Sci Urban Econ 26:77–104, 1996). We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the finite sample properties of the proposed tests. Simulation results show that our tests have good finite sample properties both in terms of size and power, compared to other tests in the literature. We also illustrate the applications of our tests through several data sets.     

美国在21世纪所面对的各种形势（英文）

本文分为四个章节。第一章是本论文的整体概括。简要讲述了美国的历史和现状,指出了文章的主要话题和目的。第二章和第三章是本文的主要组成部分。分析了美国在二十一世纪从国际、国内的角度,在经济、文化和政治领域所面对的挑战。第二章主要集中在美国国内在二十一世纪所面临和将要面对的挑战。因此我们将会看到面临的六个主要挑战。在第三章中,作者将从四个方面讨论美国面对国际挑战的措施。第四章是本文的结论。它将简要归纳要点,介绍了本论文的贡献和不足。     

地下连续墙在地铁站深基坑支护中的应用

文章介绍了在天津市地铁大厦暨地铁海光寺站工程中,深基坑支护采用地下连续墙工程的特点、施工技术和应用情况,为城市建筑物密集区的超高层建筑深基坑支护及施工提供了经验。     

Komplexität erfolgreich steuern — 27. Österreichischer Controllertag in Wien

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The objective of a privately owned firm under imperfect competition

This paper proposes a model of imperfect competition among privately owned firms that act in the best interest of their shareholders. The existence of a solution for the model is proved under weaker conditions than the ones generally used in the literature. In particular, the results did not require the existence of a continuous equilibrium price selection or concavity assumptions on the profit function.      

Technological knowledge as an essential facility

The economics of regulation has articulated the notions of essential facility and mandated interconnection. Their application to the governance of technological knowledge can be fruitful especially when implemented by the adoption of a compensatory liability rule and the parallel reduction in the exclusivity of patents. Because knowledge is at the same time an output and an input in the production of new knowledge, exclusivity, traditionally associated to patents, is the cause of actual knowledge rationing with major drawbacks in terms of both static and dynamic efficiency. This institutional innovation can improve the governance of technological knowledge and increase both its rates of dissemination and generation.

浅论华夏文化对紫砂壶艺发展的影响

世界上任何一种艺术，都是依存民族文化而生成发展的。紫砂壶艺也不例外。宜兴紫砂壶器始于北宋中期。初创阶断不但工艺粗劣、且无文化气韵，因此只能是盛水煮茶的日用器皿。但是紫砂泥丰富的泥色，良好的可塑性以及高温熔烧下的热稳定性，为紫砂壶器演变成紫砂壶艺提供了基本     

投资者预期偏误对投资收益的影响——以风险中性投资者为例

由于市场信息的不完全及投资者认知上的不足,投资者对风险资产的预期收益与实际收益总会存在不同程度的偏离。投资者对风险资产收益的预期偏误往往会影响其在金融市场上的投资决策,并最终影响到投资者实际的投资组合收益。那么,投资者的预期偏误会对投资者实际的投资组合收益产生怎样的影响?本文以风险中性投资者为例,给出投资者预期偏误大小的度量方法,建立出投资者预期偏误与投资收益的回归模型,用模拟论证的方法对二者的关系进行分析。     

Organizational forms in the knowledge economy: a comparative institutional analysis

This paper provides a framework with which to analyze organizational forms in the knowledge economy. We focus on an important trade-off facing modern firms: firms can acquire the property of all the innovations developed by their employees and can greatly increase their profits, yet this type of private intellectual property rights regime can discourage the innovative effort of the very same workers. Allowing workers to carry their knowledge outside the firm eliminates this disincentive. Hence, strategic complementarities may exist between innovative partners and a disclosure driven intellectual property rights regime, and passive employees and a private intellectual property rights regime. An evolutionary game theoretic model demonstrates these strategic complementarities and shows when economies tend towards disclosure driven or private intellectual property rights regimes.