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71.
LebensAufgabe für pflegende Angeh?rige — Die Betreuung und Pflege eines demenziell erkrankten Familienangeh?rigen stellt nahe
Bezugspersonen vor gro?e Herausforderungen. Ohne Unterstützungsangebote brechen viele unter der Last des Alltags zusammen.
Pflegekr?fte sollten daher die Belastungsgrenzen von Angeh?rigen erkennen und ihnen rechtzeitig professionelle Hilfe anbieten. 相似文献
72.
This conceptual article suggests a reexamination of current governance structures, specifically those of unitary boards after
the financial crisis of 2008. We suggest that the existing governance structures are based on an outdated paradigm of business,
rooted in economics. We propose an alternative paradigm, a more humanistic paradigm, which allows conceiving alternative,
network-oriented governance structures. As hierarchical firms grow larger and more complex, the risk of failure increases
from biases, errors, and missing data in communication and control systems. These problems are exacerbated by information
overload on senior managers, directors, and their respective regulators. In contrast to traditional corporate governance,
network governance introduces a division of power via multiple boards, checks and balances, and active stakeholder engagement.
We argue that those features could have prevented the stresses and failures of financial firms in 2008, since they were anticipated
by both individuals within firms and external commentators. However, those exposed to risks possessed insufficient influence
in either governing and/or regulating firms to take corrective action. 相似文献
73.
Alexander E. Ellinger Ay?e Banu Elmada? Ba? Andrea D. Ellinger Yu-Lin Wang Daniel G. Bachrach 《Journal of Business Research》2011,64(6):572-578
This paper describes the development and validation of a measure of organizational investments in social capital (OISC). The scale development process is carried out over three stages (item generation, scale purification, scale validation), with two separate data collection phases involving a total of 735 working adults from multiple and diverse service-related workplace settings. As such, the data provide evidence for the face, content, discriminant, convergent and nomological validity, dimensionality and reliability of the OISC measure. The OISC measure is a concise, unidimensional scale that has the potential for significant usage in the development and testing of theory, as well as practical application in retail and other service provision contexts. 相似文献
74.
Johanna?KujalaEmail author Anna-Maija?L?ms? Katriina?Penttil? 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,100(2):191-207
Taking multidimensional ethics scale approach, this article describes an empirical survey of top managers’ moral decision-making
patterns and their change from 1994 to 2004 during morally problematic situations in the Finnish context. The survey questionnaire
consisted of four moral dilemmas and a multidimensional scale with six ethical dimensions: justice, deontology, relativism,
utilitarianism, egoism and female ethics. The managers evaluated their decision-making in the problems using the multidimensional
ethics scale. Altogether 880 questionnaires were analysed statistically. It is concluded that relying on the utilitarian principles
is a core ethical evaluation criterion amongst top business managers in Finland. This study proves that managers’ moral decision-making
patterns change over time. According to the results of this research, managers’ moral decision-making became more multidimensional
during the study period. The change is explained by (1) the inclusion of female ethics items in the scale which allows managers
to show more diversity in their decision- making, (2) the change in the Finnish economic context from depression to economic
prosperity and growth during the study period, which is conducive to the spread of post materialist values, such as the importance
of social relations and (3) the increasing public discussion of the importance ethical issues in business. 相似文献
75.
76.
77.
Introducing Environmental Variables in Nonparametric Frontier Models: a Probabilistic Approach 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
This paper proposes a general formulation of a nonparametric frontier model introducing external environmental factors that might influence the production process but are neither inputs nor outputs under the control of the producer. A representation is proposed in terms of a probabilistic model which defines the data generating process. Our approach extends the basic ideas from Cazals et al. (2002) to the full multivariate case. We introduce the concepts of conditional efficiency measure and of conditional efficiency measure of order-m. Afterwards we suggest a practical way for computing the nonparametric estimators. Finally, a simple methodology to investigate the influence of these external factors on the production process is proposed. Numerical illustrations through some simulated examples and through a real data set on Mutual Funds show the usefulness of the approach.JEL Classification: C13, C14, D20 相似文献
78.
This article presents the empirical Bayes method for estimation of the transition probabilities of a generalized finite stationary Markov chain whose ith state is a multi-way contingency table. We use a log-linear model to describe the relationship between factors in each state. The prior knowledge about the main effects and interactions will be described by a conjugate prior. Following the Bayesian paradigm, the Bayes and empirical Bayes estimators relative to various loss functions are obtained. These procedures are illustrated by a real example. Finally, asymptotic normality of the empirical Bayes estimators are established. 相似文献
79.
A dynamic system for change of fish stock is formulated assuming that two asymmetric rival countries harvest fish from a common fishing ground and sell it in an imperfectly competitive market. The existence of a unique stable steady state is examined based on the dynamic system. Comparative static analysis is conducted in relation to changes in national fishing management policies to explore, among other things, rent-shifting from one country to another. 相似文献
80.
François Brouard Merridee Bujaki Sylvain Durocher Leighann C. Neilson 《Journal of Business Ethics》2017,140(2):225-242
Previous studies in Western contexts have examined the relationships between various board characteristics and CSR, yet the relationships need to be re-examined in non-Western contexts given differential theoretical premises across contexts. We specifically propose that the effects of board characteristics on CSR in Korea should be patterned distinctively from Western-based existing literature, focusing on three important board characteristics, such as a board’s independence, social ties, and diversity. Using a panel dataset from large Korean firms, we found that various relationships between board characteristics and CSR were non-linear, whereas most of the previous research on Western contexts found that the same relationships were linear. Specifically, curvilinear relationships were found between CSR and board independence (i.e., exponentially growing shape), CEO-outside director social ties (i.e., inverted U-shape), and educational diversity (i.e., U-shape). Our findings suggest that there is no universal feature of CSR-supportive board characteristics due to the unique characteristics of various institutional contexts. 相似文献