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71.
72.
If consumers wholly or partially control a firm with market power they will charge less than the profit maximizing price.
Starting at the usual monopoly price, a small price reduction will have a second order effect on profits but a first order
effect on consumer surplus. Despite this desirable static result, it has been argued that cooperatives are vulnerable to take-over
by outsiders who will run them as for-profit businesses. This paper studies takeovers of cooperatives. We argue that there
will not be excessive takeovers of cooperatives due to the Grossman-Hart problem of free riding during takeovers. 相似文献
73.
Carol Propper Matt Sutton Carolyn Whitnall Frank Windmeijer 《Journal of public economics》2010,94(3-4):318-335
Performance targets are commonly used in the public sector, despite their well known problems when organisations have multiple objectives and performance is difficult to measure. It is possible that such targets may work where there is considerable consensus that performance needs to be improved. We investigate this possibility by examining the response of the English National Health Service to high profile waiting time targets. We exploit a natural policy experiment between two countries of the UK (England and Scotland) to establish the global effectiveness of the targets. We then use a within-England hospital analysis to confirm that responses vary by treatment intensity and to control for differences in resources which may accompany targets. We find that targets met their goals of reducing waiting times without diverting activity from other less well monitored aspects of health care and without decreasing patient health on exit from hospital. 相似文献
74.
In this elaboration we focus on the role of multi-agent systems as a tool for modeling economic dynamics. Hence, at the beginning the specific features of this tool are considered. Taking the example of explaining the relationship between innovations and economic growth it will be shown after that how the tool of multi-agent modeling can be used for the following purposes: (1) for explaining the occurrence of innovations, (2) for specifying the effects these innovations have on economic growth, (3) for linking emission impacts to this growth and finally (4) for exemplarily assessing political options to reduce these impacts. 相似文献
75.
76.
Frank Schumann Gabriele Tammen-Parr Hanna Löhmannsröben Ralf Armin Jarosch 《Heilberufe》2011,63(2):24-25
M?ngeln in der h?uslichen Pflege pr?ventiv begegnen – Vertrauen ohne Kontrolle, Routine, überforderung oder das Nichtbeachten
des Beziehungsgeflechtes zwischen Pflegenden und Gepflegten führt oft zu Problemen. Der Gesetzgeber verpflichtete deshalb
die Pflegekassen und Tr?gerverb?nde von ambulanten Pflegeeinrichtungen zur Erarbeitung von Richtlinien und standardisierten
Verfahren für die Pflegefachberatung. Leider gibt es bislang keine verbindliche Umsetzung. 相似文献
77.
78.
Communication Quality in Business Negotiations 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The quality of a business negotiation process is usually assessed by its economic outcome, e.g. in terms of Pareto efficiency
or distance to Nash equilibrium. We argue that this assessment method is insufficient in that it fails to provide a comprehensive
analysis of business negotiations. Negotiators engage in highly complex communication tasks, and these communication processes
should be analysed along with the outcome in the overall evaluation of a business negotiation. To this end, we will introduce
Communication Quality as a new construct for analyzing the negotiation process. Furthermore, it will be argued that Communication
Quality itself can affect economic negotiation outcomes both short- and long-term. We will present relevant aspects of Communication
Quality, outline a scheme for its operationalisation and measurement, and discuss its probable impacts on business negotiations. 相似文献
79.
With very few exceptions the accepted viewpoint established by (predominantly) US research is that bank operating performance is not improved after merger. In this article we concentrate on European banks and investigate post-merger operating performance for 35 publicly listed bank mergers that were completed between 1992 and 1997. We find that industry-adjusted mean cash flow return did not significantly change after merger but stayed positive. We also find that the merger led to a significant decrease in profitability and capitalisation. Our key finding, in contrast to the US evidence, is that cost-efficiency ratios improved, although the improvement was not large enough to offset the profitability decrease. We also find that low profitability levels, conservative credit policies and good cost-efficiency status before merger are the main determinants of industry-adjusted cash flow returns and provide the source for improving these returns after merger. 相似文献
80.
Alexander E. Ellinger Malini Natarajarathinam Frank G. Adams J. Brian Gray Debra Hofman Kevin O’Marah 《Journal of Business Logistics》2011,32(3):214-226
Supply chain management (SCM) plays a major role in creating (or destroying) shareholder value by influencing the three major drivers of firm financial performance: revenue, operating costs, and working capital. Yet, the relationship between SCM competency and firm financial performance is not well‐established. Drawing on the resource‐based view of the firm, this study assesses this relationship using Delphi‐style opinion data from AMR Research’s Supply Chain Top 25 rankings to assess SCM competency and Altman’s (1968) Z‐score statistic as the measure of financial success. The study findings show that firms recognized by industry experts for SCM competency have significantly higher Z‐scores than their close competitors and industry averages. 相似文献