Limits to creative destruction and technologies in practice: the case of ham radio

Drawing on the structurationist notion of ‘technologies-in-practice’, this article analyses the different types of technological actions that users perform, after technological change, in order to keep a declining technology alive over time. The research question of the article is: How do technologies-in-practice based on the application of new technology hamper the creative destruction of old technology? The case study of ham radio technology and amateur radio operators is explored. The results of the investigation support the development of a technology-in-practice ‘experimentation’ and four inductive research propositions.     

EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION,TECHNOLOGY CHOICE,AND WORKER ALLOCATION

We show empirically that high‐risk sectors, which contribute strongly to aggregate productivity growth, are relatively small and have relatively low productivity growth in countries with strict employment protection legislation (EPL). To understand these findings, we develop a two‐sector matching model where firms endogenously choose between a safe technology and a risky technology. For firms that have chosen the risky technology, EPL raises the costs of shedding workers in case they receive a low productivity draw. According to our calibrated model, high‐EPL countries benefit less from the arrival of new risky technologies than low‐EPL countries. Parameters estimated through reduced‐form regressions of employment and productivity on exit costs, riskiness, and in particular their interaction are qualitatively similar for actual cross‐country data and simulated model data. Our model is consistent with the slowdown in productivity in the European Union relative to the United States since the mid‐1990s.     

SCREENING FOR A CHRONIC DISEASE: A MULTIPLE STAGE DURATION MODEL WITH PARTIAL OBSERVABILITY

We estimate a dynamic multistage duration model to investigate how early detection of diabetes can delay the onset of lower extremity complications and death. We allow for partial observability of the disease stage, unmeasured heterogeneity, and endogenous timing of diabetes screening. Timely diagnosis appears important. We evaluate the effectiveness of two potential policies to reduce the monetary costs of frequent screening in terms of lost longevity. Compared to the status quo, the more restrictive policy yields an implicit value for an additional year of life of about $50,000, whereas the less restrictive policy implies a value of about $120,000.     

Private disclosure: Is honesty enough?

If disclosure is costless a truthful monopolist selling to identical rational consumers will never withhold socially valuable information. But it preferences differ between individuals and are non-hierarchical, then too little information may be revealed.     

THE STRUCTURE OF AMERICAN INCOME INEQUALITY*

Income inequality is examined using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and a consistent decomposition analysis. I only use inequality measures that satisfy the Principle of Transfers, have the property that a ceteris paribus increase in inequality within any subgroup increases overall inequality, and are independent of the scale of income and population. Decompositions are carried out by family size and by age of head for several definitions of income and income recipient. Whilst changing the time unit over which income is measured has a substantial impact on inequality, the effect of removing the between-age-group component of inequality is relatively slight.     

短期事件对旅游的影响:以中国SARS危机为例

通过回顾近年来世界各国发生的短期危机对旅游产生的影响，重点分析2003年的SARS疫情给中国经济特别是旅游业造成的重大损失，讨论了不同的短期危机对旅游的不同影响以及旅游在危机后的不同恢复时间。旅游业对短期危机缺乏足够的防御能力，但通常能较为迅速的走上复苏之路。在这个过程中，适当的危机管理措施和有效的恢复策略是十分重要和不可或缺的。     

公司治理结构的民族文化根源性思考

不同模式的公司治理结构都带有鲜明的民族特色,民族文化对公司治理结构发展的潜在主导性也已被广泛认同。作者从民族文化的根源性角度对美、日、德三种不同模式的公司治理结构作了较为深入的探讨,并结合中国民族文化对中国公司治理结构改革提出了一些启示和看法。     

Risk-sharing networks and insurance against illness

Most risk-sharing tests on developing country data are conducted at the level of the village; generally, the full risk-sharing hypothesis is rejected. This paper uses detailed data on all insurance networks within a village in Tanzania; networks are not clustered but largely overlapping. We test whether full risk-sharing occurs within these networks. While village level full-insurance cannot be rejected for food consumption, we find evidence consistent with at least partial insurance of non-food consumption via networks.     

韩国政府为实现环保型企业经营的政策及方案

文章论述了环境问题对人类的重要性及创造环保型的企业环境需要解决的问题,在此基础上,提 出了为实现环保型企业经营韩国政府所应该采用的政策及具体的实施方案。     

论中国经济学的现代化

纵观经济学在中国的历史变迁, 理论创新才是中国经济学的灵魂, 实现中国经济学的现代化, 必须解决中国经济学的本土化、国际化和规范化问题。本文认为, 中国经济学研究应从本土问题着手, 而其走向国际化的突破口在于将中国制度分析与经济发展有机融合, 重构发展经济学。同时中国经济学要求建立一个良性的理论创新、接受、修正、摒弃的规范化机制