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51.
With a particular interest for Southern Europe, this contribution develops a classification of obstacles to economic policy reforms. This classification covers approaches ranging from classical economics and political-economic explanations to more innovative explanations linked to behavioral economics. The subsequent part analyzes qualitatively and quantitatively to which extent the “Southern European regime” may imply a particular relevance of some of the potential reform obstacles classified before. We derive “reform ability profiles” which quantify several of the reform obstacles (or reform drivers) to compare EU countries in their likely reform predisposition. These profiles confirm particular Southern European weaknesses which tend to reduce the political-economic feasibility of long-term reforms: a low effectiveness in poverty protection, high intertemporal discounting and uncertainty avoidance, a poor information level of the population and deeply shattered trust in national institutions. In a microeconometric analysis based on Eurobarometer survey data, the analysis leaves the highly aggregated level and looks into the individual heterogeneity in reform acceptance. It is shown that several of the reform obstacles identified in theory are also empirically correlated with the individual inclination to accept reforms. 相似文献
52.
Friedrich Breyer 《保险科学杂志》2010,99(5):569-583
Compared to other Western European countries, Germany has taken considerable steps to improve the sustainability of financing its public pension system. However, more recently we have observed attempts to revoke some of the enacted reforms before their implementation. If the positive correlation between income and life expectancy is taken into account, one can indeed diagnose a discrimination against low-income earners in the present retirement benefit schedule, and this very group will suffer disproportionately from the increase in legal retirement age enacted in 2007. Therefore, to protect the sustainability of the pension system in the political sphere, it may be necessary to modify the schedule in favor of this group. In other words, sustainability and equity of the pension system must go hand in hand. 相似文献
53.
A general, copula-based framework for measuring the dependence among financial time series is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on multivariate conditional Spearman's rho (MCS), a new measure of multivariate conditional dependence that describes the association between large or extreme negative returns—so-called tail dependence. We demonstrate that MCS has a number of advantages over conventional measures of tail dependence, both in theory and in practical applications. In the analysis of univariate financial series, data are filtered to remove temporal dependence as a matter of routine. We show that standard filtering procedures may strongly influence the conclusions drawn concerning tail dependence. We give empirical applications to two large data sets of high-frequency asset returns. Our results have immediate implications for portfolio risk management, derivative pricing and portfolio selection. In this context we address portfolio tail diversification and tail hedging. Amongst other aspects, it is shown that the proposed modeling framework improves the estimation of portfolio risk measures such as the value at risk. 相似文献
54.
Friedrich Heubel 《Heilberufe》2011,63(11):52-53
Gute Organisation als Wert — Der barmherzige Samariter aus der Bibel leistet nicht nur die Erstversorgung eines überfallenen,
sondern ist auch Organisator: Er sorgt für Pflege und gibt Geld dafür. Beides zusammen kann heute kein Einzelner mehr leisten.
Viele Professionelle arbeiten im Behandlungsprozess zusammen, was gute Organisation erfordert. 相似文献
55.
Friedrich Wu 《Thunderbird国际商业评论》2001,43(4):535-547
In 2001, threats of a U.S. economic slowdown, a moderation of economic growth in the EU, sharp deceleration of the global electronics cycle, and high oil prices could be some of the potential external shocks clouding Asia's economic outlook. This article analyzes these external shocks and assesses which Asian economies are most (or least) vulnerable to these exogenous shocks. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
56.
57.
It is already foreseeable that Solvency II will tie capital requirements to a very comprehensive risk definition including underwriting and market risks. The new regulatory framework will demand more sophisticated tools to detect interest rate risks on both sides of the balance sheet in an integrated approach. Efforts by life insurers to level these risks could lead to an increased demand for long term fixed income securities. At this point the question arises if this industry wide change in asset demand will have or already has had an impact on prices of long-term bonds and the yield curve in the Euro-Zone? 相似文献
58.
Prof. Dr. Bernd Kriegesmann Prof. Dr. Friedrich Kerka Dipl.-Soz.Wiss. Thomas Kley 《Zeitschrift für Management》2008,3(2):125-147
Welche Innovationsbarrieren gef?hrden die Umsetzung kreativer Ideen in neue Produkte? Was bedeuten Umsetzungsbarrieren für
den Erfolg eines Innovationsprozesses? Welche Strategien des Innovationsmanagements bew?hren sich? Mit Daten von 408 Produktinnovationsprozessen
aus Technologiebranchen werden diese Zusammenh?nge für vier Innovationstypen vergleichend analysiert: Umsetzungsbarrieren
in den Phasen Forschung & Entwicklung, Produktion und Markteinführung treten, insbesondere bei hohem Neuheitsgrad, nahezu
immer auf. Der Intensit?t dieser Barrieren kommt jedoch nur geringe Erkl?rungskraft für den Innovationserfolg zu. Offensichtlich
führen nicht nur „Wege des geringsten Widerstands“ zum Erfolg. Die Befunde zeigen, dass eine frühzeitige Integration von Akteuren
und Funktionen dazu beitragen kann, Innovationserfolge auch „über Barrieren“ zu erreichen. 相似文献
59.
Friedrich Breyer 《保险科学杂志》2016,105(5):445-461
Due to the dramatic ageing of the population, the German welfare state expects enormous challenges in the decades until 2060: either the contribution rates have to be increased by a full 20 percentage points, or the benefits must be cut by one-third – relative to their present growth path. Moreover, even in the otherwise copious German welfare state, the system of publicly financed long-term care benefits is characterized by a considerable coverage gap. In this paper, we analyze past and current reforms of the German financing system for LTC expenditures, and we argue that the coverage gap should be reduced by supplementing the welfare state with an element of mandatory funding. The financial crisis should not induce policy makers to default on this necessary financing reform. 相似文献
60.
Arnold Madlé Kurt W. Rothschild Josef Dobretsberger Friedrich Bartosch Arnold Schwarz Rolf Grünwald Felix Klezl 《Journal of Economics》1948,12(1):128-140
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献