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101.
We build on a stakeholder–agency theoretical perspective to explore the impact of particular corporate governance mechanisms on firm environmental performance. Our empirical evidence shows that several important corporate governance mechanisms such as the board of directors, managerial incentives, the market for corporate control, and the legal and regulatory system determine firms' environmental performance levels. These results suggest that these different governance mechanisms resolve, to some extent, the existing divergence of interests between stakeholders and managers with respect to environmental activities. 相似文献
102.
Zapata-Sepúlveda Pamela López-Sánchez Félix Sánchez-Gómez María Cruz 《Quality and Quantity》2012,46(1):379-390
The aim of this paper is to review the usefulness of the software CAQDAS QSR—Nvivo-6 in a PhD. Thesis, which consisted of finding the long-term psychological effects of experiences of imprisonment and torture for political reasons in their Chilean survivors. For this research, it was created and administered an in-depth interview to 60 survivors, from which outcome was 9900 paragraphs, coded into 784 categories. The software QSR Nvivo-6 threw a report of frequencies, which were compared quantitatively using Pearson’s χ 2 square test and cluster analysis. We conclude that the software facilitates the development of qualitative thematic content analysis, simplifying the coding, analysis and display of data. In Addition, it is very useful when working with large quantities of information, promoting the reliability and validity of studies. However, other aspects are also required to ensure the rigor of a qualitative study. 相似文献
103.
Influence of institutional environment on entrepreneurial intention: a comparative study of two countries university students 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Juan Carlos Díaz-Casero Joao José M. Ferreira Ricardo Hernández Mogollón Mario Lino Barata Raposo 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2012,8(1):55-74
Institutional environment influences the perceptions of desirability and feasibility, society’s social and cultural environment,
such as beliefs, values and attitudes, conditions behaviour and decisions made by individuals. This research evaluates the
influence of institutional environment on entrepreneurial intention using a comparative analysis of different attitudes among
university students in two countries: Portugal and Spain. In particular, this study aims to examine the perceptions of desirability,
feasibility and intention toward the creation of one’s own business and how that variables influence the entrepreneurial intention
as compared these two different institutional contexts. Results revealed difference among attitudes toward entrepreneurship
in both countries. With respect to the perception of feasibility, the majority of students in Extremadura (Spain) consider
that it is easier to create a business in nowadays than it was several decades ago. However, from the students of Beira Interior
(Portugal) consider that it is more difficult. Furthermore, in Extremadura, the entrepreneurial intention is higher than in
Beira Interior. 相似文献
104.
Repeated dichotomous choice contingent valuation data are generated from responses to a succession of binary questions regarding
alternative prices for an environmental good. In this paper we propose a simultaneous equation model that allows for endogeneity
and error correlation across the responses at each stage of the bidding process. The model allows us to study the evolution
of anchoring effects after the second dichotomous choice question. Estimation involves the Bayesian techniques of Gibbs sampling
and data augmentation, and the application focuses on the preservation value of a natural area. The results for a data set
involving up to four successive dichotomous choice questions show that restricted multiple-bounded models are rejected by
the data with the general model. In addition, willingness to pay tends to stabilize after the second stage in the elicitation
process for the general unrestricted model. When taking anchoring effects into consideration, it is revealed that individuals’
responses in the latter stages are influenced by the sequence of bid prices offered in earlier questions. Nevertheless, they
do not have a significant effect on welfare estimates.
相似文献
105.
A new framework is presented for the study of the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Koopmans’ equation in the unbounded
case, that is based on the contraction mapping approach. In the bounded below case with bounded consumption streams, uniqueness
of the solution in the whole class of weak-star continuous utility functions is obtained. When the aggregator is unbounded
below and/or consumption streams are unbounded, existence of a weak-star continuous solution is shown, and a simple criterium
to check the sufficient conditions for existence is provided.
Juan Pablo Rincón-Zapatero and Carlos Rodríguez-Palmero gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia and FEDER funds under Research Projects MTM2005-06534 and SEJ2005-08709/ECON, respectively, and by Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León under Research Projects VA99/04 and VA017B05, respectively. This paper has substantially benefited from the comments of an
anonymous referee. Particular and special thanks are due to Robert Becker for his very helpful comments and valuable suggestions. 相似文献
106.
Extending economic accounts with sets of social and environmental indicators is a first step towards a more integrated analysis of aspects of sustainability problems. In this article, therefore, a proposal is made to nest social and environmental indicators into an existing economic accounting framework. The Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is taken as a basis, because of its flexibility regarding extensions with non-monetary data addressing social and environmental concerns. The main thrust of the paper is methodological. From the discussion of methodological issues and the application to the SAM for Bolivia for the year 1989, it is concluded that it is, in principle, feasible and relatively simple to extend the SAM with the two sets of indicators. However, additional data will have to be collected to be able to address, more adequately, the problems of sustainability. 相似文献
107.
In a relatively short period of time, new immigration patterns have changed the geography of immigration of the EU15, bringing three old emigration countries, Ireland, Spain and Greece, to the forefront of the new immigration wave. This article studies the analogies and differences of the recent immigration experience of this group of countries, focusing on the demographic characteristics of the immigrants (origin, sex, gender and education), labour market insertion (wages, labour market segregation and quality of matching) and overall economic performance in terms of poverty rates. 相似文献
108.
This paper analyses the role of health on exits out of and entries into employment using data from the first twelve waves of the British Household Panel Survey (1991–2002). We use discrete-time duration models to estimate the effect of health on the hazard of becoming non-employed and on the hazard of becoming employed. The results show that general health, measured by a variable that captures health limitations and by a constructed latent health index, affects entries into and exits out of employment; the effects being higher for men than for women. The results are robust to different definitions of employment, and to the exclusion of older workers from the analysis. 相似文献
109.
Miquel-Àngel Garcia-López 《Journal of Housing Economics》2010,19(2):119-132
The aim of this article is to determine whether population suburbanization is occurring in Barcelona and, if so, how it is organized spatially. This issue is addressed through an analysis of the spatial structure of the population of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region and its evolution between 1991 and 2005. The ultimate aim is to determine whether there is a process of population suburbanization during these 15 years and, if this is the case, whether it arises according to a dispersed or a polycentric model. The results are consistent with a polycentric model for 1991 and 2005. However, this spatial structure is changing because of the process of suburbanization, which is affecting both the central business district and subcenters. During this same period, it is found that the role played by transport infrastructure in determining the spatial structure is becoming stronger. Without considering this latter result, it would appear that the dispersed model would best describe the next spatial stage. On the other hand, if the role played by transport infrastructure is taken into consideration, the next spatial stage would be an accessibility model in which population concentrates along freeways and highways. 相似文献
110.
Miguel A. León‐Ledesma Peter McAdam Alpo Willman 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》2015,77(1):40-65
Capital‐labour substitution and total factor productivity (TFP) estimates are essential features of many economic models. Such models typically embody a balanced growth path. This often leads researchers to estimate models imposing stringent prior choices on technical change. We demonstrate that estimation of the substitution elasticity and TFP growth can be substantially biased if technical progress is thereby mis‐specified. We obtain analytical and simulation results in the context of a model consistent with balanced and near‐balanced growth (i.e. departures from balanced growth but broadly stable factor shares). Given this evidence, a constant elasticity of substitution production function system is then estimated for the US economy. Results show that the estimated substitution elasticity tends to be significantly lower using a factor‐augmenting specification (well below one). We are also able to reject conventional neutrality forms in favour of general factor augmentation with a non‐negligible capital‐augmenting component. Our work thus provides insights into production and supply‐side estimation in balanced‐growth frameworks. 相似文献