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41.
Let Y=μ∗(X)+ε, where μ∗ is unknown and E[ε|X]≠0 with positive probability but there exist instrumental variables W such that E[ε|W]=0 w.p.1. It is well known that such nonparametric regression models are generally “ill-posed” in the sense that the map from the data to μ∗ is not continuous. In this paper, we derive the efficiency bounds for estimating certain linear functionals of μ∗ without assuming μ∗ itself to be identified. 相似文献
42.
In order to establish a competitive advantage, firms must acquire or create resources at a price below their value in use. Absent pure luck, this requires managers to exercise foresight about a resource's future value and/or complementarities with pre‐existing capabilities. This foresight grants managers the opportunity to exploit information asymmetries for personal gain as well as building organizational capabilities. Nevertheless, there is limited research on the extent of foresight or how managers use it. In our study of insider trading, we found that managers purchase stock well before breakthrough patents are filed. We argue for further research on the extent of managerial foresight and how it affects rent generation and appropriation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
43.
We present a dynamic model of the hospital industry in which nonprofit and for-profit hospitals coexist and compete and are differentiated by their objective functions, investment technologies, and taxation rates. In our model, patients differ by income and type of insurance coverage, and choose admission to their preferred hospital, while hospitals choose investment, entry, exit, and pricing strategies. We estimate the parameters of the model with aggregate data and a GMM procedure. We then use the model to examine the effects of changes in the Medicare reimbursement system, universal health-care coverage, and taxation of nonprofits. 相似文献
44.
Gautam Gowrisankaran Claudio Lucarelli Philipp Schmidt-Dengler Robert Town 《International Journal of Industrial Organization》2011,29(3):342-344
This paper seeks to understand the impact of the Medicare Rural Hospital Flexibility (Flex) Program on rural resident hospital choice. The program created a new class of hospital, the Critical Access Hospital (CAH), which receives more generous reimbursement in return for limiting its beds and services. The program's goal is to maintain access to hospital care. Estimates from a patient choice model show that patient utility from visiting a hospital was negatively affected by conversion. While the lower bed capacity appears to play a minor role, the reduction in services results in a 28% drop in admission rates. 相似文献
45.
Gautam Tripathi 《Journal of econometrics》2011,165(2):258-265
We show how to do efficient moment based inference using the generalized method of moments (GMM) when data is collected by stratified sampling and the maintained assumption is that the aggregate shares are known. 相似文献
46.
We develop a simple semiparametric framework for combining censored and uncensored samples so that the resulting estimators are consistent, asymptotically normal, and use all information optimally. No nonparametric smoothing is required to implement our estimators. To illustrate our results in an empirical setting, we show how to estimate the effect of changes in compulsory schooling laws on age at first marriage, a variable that is censored for younger individuals. Results from a small simulation experiment suggest that the estimator proposed in this paper can work very well in finite samples. 相似文献
47.
Gautam Bose 《Games and Economic Behavior》1996,14(2):149-172
This paper investigates the characteristics of steady-state equilibria in a bargaining economy in which there are both patient and impatient agents and the possibility of intermediation arising in such an economy. The equilibrium in the unmediated economy is inefficient if the proportion of impatient agents is sufficiently high. There is a simple fee mechanism, which induces patient and impatient agents to trade in separate groups, under which there is always an efficient equilibrium. Such separation is also induced by the option to trade at fixed prices, and profit-seeking intermediaries have an incentive to facilitate such trade.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Number: C78. 相似文献
48.
Access to credit, plot size and cost inefficiency among smallholder tobacco cultivators in Malawi 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Using data from the Malawi Financial Markets and Household Food Security Survey, this paper examines the effect of access to credit from formal sources, and tobacco plot size, on cost inefficiency among Malawian smallholder tobacco cultivators. Farm‐specific cost inefficiency is estimated within the framework of stochastic frontier analysis. Access to credit is measured as the sum of household members' self‐reported credit limits at credit organisations, arguably a truer measure of an exogenous credit constraint than credit program participation or actual loan uptake. It is found that tobacco cultivation is significantly less cost inefficient per acre on larger plots. While access to credit by itself has no statistically discernible effect on cost inefficiency, it reduces the gain in cost efficiency from a larger plot size. 相似文献
49.
Kannan Govindan Aditi Jyoti Dhingra Darbari Arshia Kaul PC Jha 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2021,30(4):1702-1722
With growing competition in the market and dire need for sustainability, it has become imperative for companies to build long-term relationship with their supply chain partners through sustainable collaboration. Among these, the supplier–manufacturer relationship is crucial for improved organizational, business and sustainable performance. Sustainable collaboration with suppliers involves crucial decision-making processes such as continuous supplier monitoring and supplier development. Hence, a critical challenge that a company faces is to identify the key performance indicators (KPIs) for assessing the performance of a supplier for sustainable collaboration. In this regard, this study focuses on identification of KPIs for an Indian home appliance company through exhaustive discussions involving multiple decision-makers. Further, a grey-based decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) model is proposed in the study for analysing the importance levels among the fifteen KPIs based on multiple stakeholder perspectives. The results of the grey structural model indicate seven KPIs as influencing KPIs and eight KPIs as influenced KPIs. The KPI ‘Information disclosure’ has been identified as the most influential KPI for the evaluation of suppliers for sustainable collaboration. The implications drawn from the result analysis model can provide meaningful insights to managers for identifying strategies towards strengthening the supplier–manufacturer relationship and achieving organizational and market competence. 相似文献
50.
The exponential growth of the online retail sector has attracted the attention of researchers across the globe. Understanding the consumer decision-making process in an online retail context is of vital importance to all online retailers. The objective of this study was to examine the direct and indirect impacts of perceived risks on consumers’ purchase intentions in an online shopping context. This study applied structural equation modeling to test the study model with data from 234 samples. We found a significant negative full mediating impact of performance risk, financial risk, physical risk, and psychological risk on consumers’ purchase intentions. Moreover, we found a partial mediating impact of social risk on purchase intentions. However, we did not find a mediating impact of time risk on purchase intentions. These empirical results may help online retailers to better understand their consumers, their intentions to purchase, and their level of risk perceptions. Accordingly, online marketers can frame contemporary strategies to attract retail customers, leading to greater profitability of the organization. 相似文献