哥伦比亚大学风投的新目标：环保型技术

一年一度的公报又来了，再次向人们展现了一些令人瞩目的高管薪酬计划。这些计划引起了股东、劳工组织和一些分析师们的热烈关注，因为他们认为首席执行官的薪酬和他们的业绩之间有冲突。埃克森石油公司（Exxon）的前首席执行官李·雷蒙德在消费者饱受汽油价格飞涨的关头享受着4亿美元的高薪退休了。然而，他应该这样吗？     

A SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGER SELECTION METHODOLOGY: EMPIRICAL TEST AND SUGGESTED APPLICATION

With the expanding global economy, no managerial position requires a broader set of skills than that of the supply chain manager. Understanding the complexities of filling this vital managerial position, recent conceptual research has called for the development of a tool designed to identify the top candidates for supply chain positions. This research presents a full test of a three hurdle methodology for supply chain manager selection. Empirical results reported here suggest that managers must possess superior general mental aptitude, need for achievement, and adaptability for firms to maximize performance.     

Modelling employment durations of NHL head coaches: turnover and post‐succession performance

Match‐level National Hockey League (NHL) data are used to identify factors likely to trigger the departure of a team's coach, and to measure the short‐term impact on subsequent match results. There is a statistically significant link between individual match results and the job departure hazard for up to 15 games prior to the point of departure. The hazard depends on the team's current standing within its conference relative to a pre‐season forecast, recent performance in the Stanley Cup, the coach's age and previous employment with his present team as a player. After controlling for a mean‐reversion effect, teams that changed their coach within‐season are found to perform worse subsequently than those that did not, but the negative effect is short‐lived. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Comparison of Ex Post and Ex Ante Measures of Producers' Surplus in Estimating the Returns to Canadian Federal Sheep Research

The returns to Canadian federal sheep research expenditures between 1968 and 1984 are estimated using the economic surplus approach. Ex post and ex ante measures of the change in producers' surplus are compared. Regression analysis is used to estimate the lag structure of the effects of research on the national supply function, facilitating the estimation of returns on average and at the margin. The effect of the excess burden of tax collection on returns to sheep research is investigated. The internal rate of return to sheep research has been about 25% at the margin exclusive of the effects of the excess burden. This rate of return falls to 20% when the costs of an excess burden of 20 cents on the dollar is assumed. Nous calculons le rendement estimatif des défenses consacrées à la recherche sur le mouton par le gouvernement du Canada entre 1968 et 1984 à ?aide ?une méthode fondée sur les surplus économiques. Nous comparons les mesures objectives (ex post) et subjectives (ex ante) des changements survenus au chapitre des excédents à la production. ?analyse de régression nous permet ?estimer la structure de retard des effets de la recherche sur la fonction de ?approvisionnement national, ce qui facilite ?évaluation du rendement moyen et du rendement à la marge. Nous examinons également les effets du fardeau excessif de ?impôt sur le rendement de la recherche sur le mouton. Le taux interne de rendement de la recherche portant sur le mouton a été évalué à environ 25% à la marge, en excluant les effets du fardeau excessif. Ce taux de rendement est abaissé à 20 % lorsqu'on tient compte ?un coût présumé du fardeau excessif de 20 cents par dollar.     

Social security and consumer spending in an international cross section

This paper expands the base of empirical evidence on the social security aggregate private saving issue by examining the behavior of consumer expenditure in 16 industrialized countries over the 1951–60 period. The results are mixed in that time series movements of social security exhibit a positive relation to consumer spending, while the cross-sectional variations reveal a negative association. Our overall conclusion is that the cross-country evidence provides neither empirical support for the hypothesis that social security depresses private saving nor an empirical refutation of that hypothesis. We argue that this indeterminacy of results applies also to previous studies of U.S. time series and to analyses of household cross sections in the U.S.     

The Effect of SEC-Ordered Suspensions on Returns, Volatility, and Trading Volume

This study evaluates the effect of SEC-ordered suspensions on securities' returns, volatility, and trading volume during 1963–1987. It is found that there is a permanent devaluation of these securities during the suspension. This result, however, is sensitive to the announced reason for the suspension. Both the variance and the trading volume are found to be substantially higher than normal in the presuspension period. This trend continues in the immediate postsuspension period. The variance and volume levels return to more normal levels only at a much later date. We conclude that trading suspensions are not associated with the immediate elimination of unusual market activity.     

Real Business Cycle Models: An Introduction

In this article we present a simple real business cycle (RBC) model, in order to show that these models capture many of the features of business cycles in the real economy. While these models are very abstract, we argue that they are a useful way of thinking about the macro-economy. RBC models have also been influential in refocusing attention on supply issues in macroeconomics, after a long postwar focus on aggregate demand management in Australia and most other western economies. Policies such as structural reform and labour market reform are clearly aimed at influencing the supply side of the economy and productivity, and can be understood within the framework of RBC theory. RBC models have developed rapidly recently, yet there remains a good deal of misunderstanding about the methods and aims of these models. In this article we present a review of the literature and examine a simple model, using graphical techniques, to clarify some issues. We also argue that these models, while having limitations, have caused a fruitful re-examination of supply issues in economics, after the almost exclusive focus on aggregate demand in macroeconomics until the late 1970s.     

Current issues in US transportation politics

Les transports en commun deviennent rapidement un exemple critique de la crise générale des politiques de l'état dans la production et la distribution des équipements collectifs. La destruction antérieure des transports en commun aux Etats Unis par les intérêts de l'automobile, ainsi que les contraintes de l'énérgic, de l'utilisation du sol, et du chômage, produisent une situation selon laquelle diverses fractions du capital se regroupent dans une coalition afin de déterminer une politique future des transports. Une telle politique doit tant bien que mal satisfaire les besoins souvent contradictoires du transport, le résultat d'un développement urbain structuré autour de la dominance de l'automobile. Ces besoins sont soulignés ici-bas. Cet article présente les diverses options considérées actuellement ainsi que les contradictions survenant de chaque direction proposée. Les divisions à l'intérieur de la classe capitaliste sur ces options sont aussi présentés. Finalement, une brève considération est donnée aux mouvements sociaux urbains passés et présents organisés autour des questions de transport, ainsi que les problèmes auxquels ces mouvements doivent faire face dans les luttes futures autour de cet enjeu critique.     

An econometric model of a retail firm

Existing models of retail resource allocation generally specify response functions in a somewhat ad hoc manner. These are not usually derived from an explicit model of consumer maximization, and they generally do not explicitly consider the supply side of the market. This paper shows how the model of Ehrlich and Fisher (1982) can be used to provide insights into the proper specification of these functions. We illustrate the application of this model on data from a retail chain; our application extends work in Ratchford and Stoops (1988) to the demand side of the market. Potential areas of application of the model are to understanding the demand for labor and advertising services by consumers, and to the measurement of retail productivity.