THE RETURNS TO INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH ON AUSTRALIAN WOOL PRODUCTION*

A production function approach is used to estimate growth in farm productivity in the Australian wool industry from an estimated level of expenditure on wool production R & D. A market equilibrium model of the wool industry is then used to measure the share of total benefits from this productivity growth accruing to Australia and its wool growers. A net return is estimated after allowing for lags in the development and adoption of technology.     

Real factor prices and German manufacturing employment: A time series analysis, 1960I–1979IV

Zusammenfassung Reale Faktorpreise und Besch?ftigung in der Verarbeitenden Industrie der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Eine Zeitreihenanalyse vom I.Quartal 1960 bis zum 4. Quartal 1979. — In diesem Aufsatz wird die Beziehung zwischen den realen Faktorpreisen (d. h. Reall?hnen und realen Preisen für Rohstoffe und Zwischenprodukte)und der Besch?ftigung in der Verarbeitenden Industrie der Bundesrepublik in der Zeit zwischen dem 1. Quartal 1960 und dem 4. Quartal 1979 untersucht. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse sind : (a) Die Struktur der gesch?tzten Beziehung hat sich zwischen den 6oer und den 70er Jahren erheblich verschoben, so da\ Regressionen, die für die ganze Periode vorgenommen werden, irreführend sind; (b) von 1970 bis 1979 hatten die Reall?hne einen negativen Einflu\ auf die Besch?ftigung; (c) jede Untersuchung mu\ aber die Entwicklung der Preise von Rohstoffen und Zwischenprodukten berücksichtigen, denn diese waren quantitativ bedeutsamer als die Reall?hne. Als ?konometrische Technik wurde durchweg die Zeitreihenanalyse benutzt. Im besonderen wurde die Vektor-Autoregressions-Technik von Sims angewandt, die auch im Sinne einer Grangerschen Ursachenanalyse interpretiert werden kann.

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Résumé Les prix réels des facteurs et l’emploi en secteur manufacturier allemand: Une analyse des séries chronologiques, 1960.I-1979.IV. — Dans cet article on a analysé la relation entre les prix réels des facteurs (c.-à.-d. les salaires réels et les prix réels pour les biens intermédiaires et les matières premières) et l’emploi dans le secteur manufacturier allemand pour la période 1960.I-1979.1V. Les résultats essentiels sont : (a) La relation a changé entre les années soixante et les années soixantedix de telle sorte que des régressions pour la période entière sont égarantes; (b) pour la période 1970.1-1979.IV les salaires réels avaient une influence négative sur l’emploi; (c) chaque analyse doit tenir compte du développement des prix pour les matières premières et les biens intermédiaires qui étaient quantitativement plus importants que les salaires réels. Comme technique économétrique on a largement appliqué l’analyse des séries chronologiques. Particulièrement on a appliqué la technique d’autoregression de vecteur de Sims qui aussi permet une interprétation de causalité de Granger.

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Resumen Precios reales de factores y el empleo manufacturero alemán: Un análisis de series de tiempo 1960.I-1979.IV. — En este artículo investigamos la relación entre precios reaies de factores (p. ej., salarios reaies y precios reaies productos intermedios/materias primas) y el empleo manufacturero alemán en el período 1960.I-1979.IV. Nuestros principales resultados son: (a) que ha habido un desplazamiento importante en la naturaleza de nuestra relación estimada entre los a?os 1960 y 1970 de tal manera que las regresiones para todo el periodo son bastante enga?osas; (b) que para el periodo 1970.I-1979.IV los salarios reales ejercieron una influencia negativa sobre el empleo pero que (c) cualquier investigación debe tomar en cuenta el desarrollo de los precios de las materias primas/productos intermedios que han sido cuantitativamente más importantes que los salarios reaies. La técnica econométrica utilizada es la del análisis de series de tiempo. En particular, hemos utilizado la técnica de vector de autoregresión de Sims que también tiene una interpretación de causalidad de Granger.

     

Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis

This study examines the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate tax aggressiveness. Based on a sample of 408 publicly listed Australian corporations for the 2008/2009 financial year, our regression results show that the higher the level of CSR disclosure of a corporation, the lower is the level of corporate tax aggressiveness. We find a negative and statistically significant association between CSR disclosure and tax aggressiveness which holds across a number of different regression model specifications, thus more socially responsible corporations are likely to be less tax aggressive in nature. Finally, the regression results from our additional analysis indicate that the social investment commitment and corporate and CSR strategy (including the ethics and business conduct) of a corporation are important elements of CSR activities that have a negative impact on tax aggressiveness.     

Demographic Ring Study Reports with GIS Technology

Market analysis that is performed in support of commercial real estate decisions has long included demographic ring study reports. Recent advancements in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology has spilled over to ring-study reporting. Contemporary ring studies have detailed breakdowns of populations by subgroup, include expenditure projections by product category, and are available for purchase for use on desktop computers at under $300. Two ring-study products are contrasted here: Site Reporter from CACI and CensusCD+Maps from GeoLytics.     

Developing a sustainability ethic in leaders

The triple bottom line of fiscal, social, and environmental success considerably alters how organizations (and stakeholders) measure sustainable success. More important, however, is the conceptual shift required to understand and successfully lead organizations within this increasingly accepted paradigm. This article uses a mixed‐methods approach to explore the conceptual development of a sustainability ethic in aspiring leaders. More specifically, the authors report research examining the curriculum and pedagogy of a leadership education effort, in this case a college‐level course, aimed at effecting change in both individual aspiring leaders and their immediate community. The article describes the philosophical and research base for the curriculum and specific activities with their pedagogical approach. Results show evidence of increased awareness, importance, and commitment to sustainability as well as changes in how students conceptualize sustainability leadership. Findings offer insights for further developing leadership education for sustainability.     

Comparing three ways to update Choquet beliefs

We analyze three rules for updating neo-additive capacities. Only for Generalized Bayesian Updating is relative optimism the same for both updated and unconditional capacities. For updates of the other two, either the updated capacity is fully optimistic or fully pessimistic.