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31.
Guillaume Rocheteau 《International Tax and Public Finance》1999,6(3):379-387
This article studies some macroeconomic consequences of the financing of an unemployment insurance scheme. Under a balanced-budget rule, when both taxes and unemployment benefits are proportional to wages, the existence of multiple natural rates of unemployment is a generic property of the matching model. Government can lead the economy to a high equilibrium by fixing the rate of tax on wages and then setting the replacement ratio so that its expenditure matches its receipts. 相似文献
32.
Guillaume Burghouwt 《重庆与世界》2015,(6):32-37
<正>航空互联互通——竞争力的关键航空互联互通在当今经济全球化中起着至关重要的作用。对亚欧而言,要想从各自的发展潜力中获利,在双方的经济中心区域建立频繁可靠、方便快捷的航空联系则变得至关重要。保持良好的航空互联互通,是保障亚欧各城市和各区域处于强有力竞争力位置的基本要素。不必讶异,无论是在地方、国家甚至国际的政策讨论中,互联互通都是一个越来越重要的话题。例如,伦敦某机场在讨论新增跑道时,连通新兴市 相似文献
33.
In this paper, we present a new stylized fact for options whose underlying asset is a stock index. Extracting implied volatility time series from call and put options on the Deutscher Aktien index (DAX) and financial times stock exchange index (FTSE), we show that the persistence of these volatilities depends on the moneyness of the options used for its computation. Using a functional autoregressive model, we show that this effect is statistically significant. Surprisingly, we show that the diffusion-based stochastic volatility models are not consistent with this stylized fact. Finally, we argue that adding jumps to a diffusion-based volatility model help recovering this volatility pattern. This suggests that the persistence of implied volatilities can be related to the tails of the underlying volatility process: this corroborates the intuition that the liquidity of the options across moneynesses introduces an additional risk factor to the one usually considered. 相似文献
34.
Pascal Lienhard Khamkéo Panyasiri Sengphanh Sayphoummie Bounma Leudphanane Guillaume Lestrelin Lucien Séguy 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(4):391-406
In north-eastern Laos, the savannah grasslands of the Plain of Jars cover vast areas of potentially cultivable land. However, soil acidity, low inherent fertility, and the absence of alternatives to tillage represent significant constraints to the development of sustainable smallholder agriculture. Our objective was to evaluate the potential for conservation agriculture (CA) to enhance soil productivity and farming system profitability. A three-year rotation of rice/maize/soybean was tested under three fertilization levels and four agricultural systems: one conventional tillage-based (CT) system and three CA systems based on no-tillage with cover crops. After four cropping seasons, our results show that, compared with CT, CA systems led to similar-to-higher grain production, similar-to-higher profits, higher opportunity of livestock system intensification, and higher labour productivity regardless of fertilization levels. While CA represents a relevant alternative to current practices, our results suggest that its contribution to the emergence of a sustainable smallholder agriculture is conditioned by broader institutional transformations, including the enrolment of local manufacturers and traders for deploying no-till implements and seed market channels for cover crops, long-term public support to maintain active research and technical mentoring to farmers, and possibly the integration of ecosystem services in agricultural policy. 相似文献
35.
We investigate the welfare effects of inflation in economies with search frictions and menu costs. We first analyze an economy where there is no transaction demand for money balances: Money is a mere unit of account. We determine a condition under which strictly positive inflation is desirable. We relate this condition to a standard efficiency condition for search economies. Second, we consider a related economy in which there is a transaction role for money. In the absence of menu costs, the Friedman rule is optimal. In the presence of menu costs, the optimal inflation rate is negative for our numerical examples provided menu costs are small. A deviation from the Friedman rule can be optimal depending on the extent of the search externalities. 相似文献
36.
The American frontier: Technology versus immigration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
How important was international immigration for the US and its demography during the nineteenth century? This paper investigates, quantitatively, its effect on the westward movement of population and the regional and secular changes in fertility. Beside immigration, two alternative forces are considered: technological progress and the land policy (the Homestead Act). An optimal growth model with endogenous fertility and migration is calibrated, and counterfactual experiments reveal that the main driving forces were productivity growth and the declining cost of transportation. International immigration played a lesser role. 相似文献
37.
The structural transformation of China - or the reallocation of resources from the agricultural sector to the nonagricultural sector - between 1978 and 2003 was truly remarkable. We develop a two-sector neoclassical growth model to quantitatively assess the driving forces of China's recent structural transformation. In addition to the forces currently emphasized in the literature-sectoral productivity growth—we show that China's transformation was accelerated significantly by the gradual reduction in the relative size of the Chinese government. We find that the reduction in the size of the Chinese government accounted - by itself - for 15% of the reduction in the agricultural share of employment. Two mechanisms explain this: (i) in our model the lower tax rate associated with reduced intervention encouraged the accumulation of physical capital, which is produced in the nonagricultural sector; (ii) lower inefficiencies induced incomes to rise and, given our preferences, resulted in a disproportionate increase in the demand for the nonagricultural good. 相似文献
38.
Guillaume Rocheteau Peter Rupert Randall Wright 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2007,109(4):837-855
When labor is indivisible, there exist efficient outcomes with some agents randomly unemployed, as in Rogerson (1988) . We integrate this idea into the modern theory of monetary exchange, where some trade occurs in centralized markets and some in decentralized markets, as in Lagos and Wright (2005) . This delivers a general equilibrium model of unemployment and money, with explicit microeconomic foundations. We show that the implied relation between inflation and unemployment can be positive or negative, depending on simple preference conditions. Our Phillips curve provides a long‐run, exploitable, trade‐off for monetary policy; it turns out, however, that the optimal policy is the Friedman rule. 相似文献
39.
In this paper, we consider the problem of the numerical computation of Greeks for a multidimensional barrier and lookback style options: the payoff function depends in a rather general way on the minima and maxima of the coordinates of the d -dimensional underlying asset process. Using Malliavin calculus techniques, we derive additional weights that enable computation of the Greeks using Monte Carlo simulations. Numerical experiments confirm the efficiency of the method. This work is a multidimensional extension of previous results (see Gobet and Kohatsu-Higa 2001 ). 相似文献
40.
Guillaume Majeau-Bettez Richard Wood Anders Hammer Strømman 《Economic Systems Research》2016,28(3):333-343
Financial balance is fundamental to input–output (IO) analysis, and consequently the respect of this balance is one of the dominant criteria in evaluating IO constructs. Kop Jansen, and ten Raa [(1990) The Choice of Model in the Construction of Input–Output Coefficients Matrices. International Economic Review 31, 213] proved that the byproduct-technology construct (BTC) and the industry-technology construct (ITC) do not generally conserve financial balance. In contrast, Majeau-Bettez et al. [(2016) When do Allocations and Constructs Respect Material, Energy, Financial, and Production Balances in LCA and EEIO? Journal of Industrial Ecology 20, 67–84] demonstrated that the BTC necessarily respects financial balance and that the ITC is always financially balanced when applied to data recorded in monetary units. The present article resolves this paradox. 相似文献