全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12193篇 |
免费 | 232篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 2240篇 |
工业经济 | 922篇 |
计划管理 | 2001篇 |
经济学 | 2577篇 |
综合类 | 98篇 |
运输经济 | 62篇 |
旅游经济 | 204篇 |
贸易经济 | 1814篇 |
农业经济 | 583篇 |
经济概况 | 1896篇 |
邮电经济 | 28篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 124篇 |
2019年 | 170篇 |
2018年 | 199篇 |
2017年 | 221篇 |
2016年 | 221篇 |
2015年 | 164篇 |
2014年 | 247篇 |
2013年 | 1131篇 |
2012年 | 339篇 |
2011年 | 342篇 |
2010年 | 300篇 |
2009年 | 311篇 |
2008年 | 327篇 |
2007年 | 275篇 |
2006年 | 259篇 |
2005年 | 234篇 |
2004年 | 196篇 |
2003年 | 224篇 |
2002年 | 223篇 |
2001年 | 212篇 |
2000年 | 221篇 |
1999年 | 244篇 |
1998年 | 218篇 |
1997年 | 197篇 |
1996年 | 194篇 |
1995年 | 182篇 |
1994年 | 177篇 |
1993年 | 206篇 |
1992年 | 190篇 |
1991年 | 191篇 |
1990年 | 159篇 |
1989年 | 171篇 |
1988年 | 150篇 |
1987年 | 141篇 |
1986年 | 137篇 |
1985年 | 248篇 |
1984年 | 237篇 |
1983年 | 217篇 |
1982年 | 198篇 |
1981年 | 190篇 |
1980年 | 202篇 |
1979年 | 196篇 |
1978年 | 161篇 |
1977年 | 175篇 |
1976年 | 143篇 |
1975年 | 134篇 |
1974年 | 125篇 |
1973年 | 128篇 |
1971年 | 93篇 |
1970年 | 95篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
11.
MARK H. SHOWALTER 《Contemporary economic policy》1997,15(2):74-84
Much of the debate about rising health care costs in the United States centers on the notion of "cost shifting." Cost shifting is loosely defined as charging one set of patients a higher price to offset losses on another set of patients. One aspect of the cost shifting debate that the empirical work has ignored is whether or not doctors—as opposed to hospitals—practice cost shifting. The analysis here investigates this question using the Physicians' Practice Costs and Income Survey, 1983–1985 (PPCIS, expanded version)
Using variation across states in Medicaid reimbursements, the analysis finds that lower Medicaid reimbursements tend to lower the fees physicians charge, contradicting the standard cost shifting story. Evidence also suggests that lower Medicaid reimbursements tend to cause physicians to treat fewer Medicaid patients. These results are consistent with profit maximizing behavior for physicians and also with the hypothesis that physicians exert some monopoly power. 相似文献
Using variation across states in Medicaid reimbursements, the analysis finds that lower Medicaid reimbursements tend to lower the fees physicians charge, contradicting the standard cost shifting story. Evidence also suggests that lower Medicaid reimbursements tend to cause physicians to treat fewer Medicaid patients. These results are consistent with profit maximizing behavior for physicians and also with the hypothesis that physicians exert some monopoly power. 相似文献
12.
13.
G. H. BURROWS 《Abacus》1994,30(1):50-64
The extent to which allocated common costs should influence business decisions remains controversial in management accounting. In the finance and investment literature this issue is generally ignored or dismissed by appeals to the'incremental' principle. This article presents an historical analysis of allocations in long-run investing and pricing decisions. It is demonstrated that seminal figures in the development of both investment and price theory were conscious of the need for firms to cover common costs and generally favoured some form of allocation. The anti-allocationist position is shown to be of relatively recent origin and to have caused an inconsistency in the management accounting literature in the treatment of common costs. European costing theory is shown to have been consistently allocationist. Evidence of a return in the recent U.S. literature to the older Anglo-American, and continuing European, allocations tradition is presented. 相似文献
14.
Extensification of agriculture is one of the major factors contributing to the destruction of forests in Africa. In Sudan, such horizontal expansion comes at the expense of land devoted to trees and other vegetation, thereby inducing conditions that are inimical to sustainable agricultural production. Different factors have contributed to extensification. Although high economic returns from crop (mainly sorghum) production was an important factor encouraging extensification of rainfed mechanized farming, other factors outside agriculture have also contributed to that expansion. This paper uses data from eastern Sudan and an acreage response model, to identify the most important factors influencing acreage expansion. Different measures and forms of risk were used in the acreage response model. The paper shows how policies in the energy sector can indirectly influence acreage expansion in the agricultural sector. 相似文献
15.
16.
Empirical studies provide compelling evidence that economic agents do not adopt the complete range of energy-efficient technologies that are cost-effective under prevailing prices and market conditions. Analysts commonly attribute this anomaly to the use of high discount rates in energy-related decisions-an interpretation that is difficult to reconcile with standard models of rational choice. This paper recasts the controversy from the perspective of economic theory and finds that market failures related to asymmetric information, bounded rationality, and transaction costs are major contributors to the so-called "efficiency gap." 相似文献
17.
Regime Shifts in Asian Equity and Real Estate Markets 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This paper applies a new statistical technology for identifying regime shifts to analyze recent data on real estate and equity markets in eight developing Far Eastern countries in the 1992–1998 time period. We find that regime shifts in volatility occur in the summer of 1997; however, most of the regime shifts in returns occur in the spring of 1998. While the clustering of regime breaks does not seem to follow any obvious pattern, the country's exposure to trade and firm leverage are important. An analysis of Granger causality suggests that, in most cases, equity returns cause real estate returns but the converse is not true. We also find two-way causality in volatility, suggesting that a common factor drives volatility in these markets. Finally, we provide evidence that the regime shifts generally imply higher relative risk for real estate securities after the estimated breaks. 相似文献
18.
Brian P. Anderson Stephen D. Makar Stephen H. Huffman 《Research in International Business and Finance》2004,18(2):205-216
Recent studies examining the relationship between stock returns and exchange rate changes have provided evidence that the exchange rate exposure of non-financial companies is reduced by the use of foreign exchange derivatives. Building on such research, this study investigates whether past ineffective derivative hedging contributes to explaining future derivatives use. To the extent that companies monitor the effectiveness of their currency risk management practices, past ineffective hedgers can be expected to modify their future use of foreign exchange derivatives accordingly. In our study of 94 non-financial US multinationals, we provide evidence that the change in derivatives use from 1996–1998 to 1998–2000 can be explained in part by the ineffective hedging of currency risk in 1996–1998, controlling for variables associated with theories of optimal hedging. Additional analyses confirm that such primary results are robust to firm size, the level of foreign operations, and the use of derivatives to partially hedge currency risk. Our results imply that as exchange markets and risk management practices change, the use of derivatives to manage exchange rate risk also changes. Our contribution to this field of study is that we find evidence that past ineffective hedgers tend to increase their future use of FXDs. 相似文献
19.
Multilateral Reforms of Trade and Environmental Policy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The paper analyzes environmental tax policy reform using a competitive model of world trade that includes production‐generated environmental damage (pollution) and trade tariffs. The authors examine the feasibility of Pareto‐improving multilateral reforms of environmental taxes, and show that any environmental tax reform that is mutually welfare‐improving when compensating lump‐sum transfers are assumed is also welfare‐improving when a suitable tariff reform (but no transfers) is combined with the tax changes. Several specific reform proposals are developed. These results expand the feasible set of mutually improving policy proposals for international policy initiatives. 相似文献
20.
Robert H. DeFina 《Review of Income and Wealth》2004,50(1):69-85
The analysis uses March Current Population Survey data to estimate state-level cross-section/time-series models of the effects of the unemployment rate on alternative poverty rates. The measures include the official headcount rate, and alternatives based higher thresholds, revised equivalence scales and income defined as inclusive and exclusive of taxes and cash and in-kind transfers. The estimated effects turn critically on the measurement approaches, both for the total sample population and for four population sub-groups. For several alternative poverty rate measures, the unemployment rate has no significant impact on poverty. By contrast, real per-capita median earnings have strong and consistently negative effects on the poverty rates of all groups studied. The findings thus provide important lessons for researchers exploring the links between economic conditions and poverty, and for policy makers developing poverty reduction strategies. 相似文献