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11.
In investigating the relationship between economic directors (EDs) and excess perks in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China, we find a U-shaped relationship between the share of EDs on boards and excess perks, especially in SOEs controlled by local governments and with greater managerial power—as well as in regions with poor legal systems. The share of EDs on boards may have three benefits with respect to reducing the use of excess perks in SOEs: (1) replacing excess perks with monetary wages more aligned with the value of managers; (2) reducing the increase in excessive perks caused by the availability of free cash flow; and (3) reducing the use of excess employees to drive excess perks. 相似文献
12.
入世20年来,中国切实履行入世承诺,逐步从多边贸易体系的学习者、参与者成长为关键角色.中国经济的快速发展得益于多边贸易体系和经济全球化的深度发展,中国独特的经济体制与结构,为WTO以及多边贸易体系的稳定发展提供了源源不断的动力,为全球经济贸易发展注入持久动能,为发展中经济体参与多边贸易体系作出积极贡献.当前,经济全球化迈向新阶段,呈现出许多新的特征,而WTO本身也发生了结构性变化.中国作为推动WTO改革进程、权力结构调整和利益分配的关键力量,在坚定自身立场的同时,应及时顺应全球化变化,积极响应多边贸易治理新需求,为WTO改革贡献中国智慧、中国方案、中国力量,推动多边贸易体系行稳致远. 相似文献
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Leader‐member exchange as a form of supportive leadership is expected to foster employee creativity. However, empirical evidence suggested this relationship is complex. This study attempts to address this complexity by proposing and testing a curvilinear mechanism, which attenuates the overall positive effect of LMX on creativity by transmitting a curvilinear indirect effect via vertical task conflict. Results drawn from a sample of 276 supervisor–subordinate dyads provided support for the hypothesized curvilinear indirect effect. Specifically, LMX was found to negatively influence employee creativity by suppressing vertical task conflict for subordinates in high‐quality LMX relationships, while the indirect effect was not significant for subordinates in low‐quality LMX relationships. 相似文献
17.
Julian A. Parra‐Polania 《The German Economic Review》2019,20(4):e1019-e1027
Forward guidance can be provided as an unconditional promise, i.e. commitment to a specific low policy rate. Alternatively, the promise may include an escape clause, i.e. a condition defining the state of the economy under which the central bank would not keep such a low rate and, instead, it would revert to setting policy under discretion. The escape clause can be expressed as a threshold in terms of a specific variable. The present paper shows that, when such a threshold is expressed in terms of an endogenous variable (e.g. output, inflation), there are cases where it becomes impossible for the central bank to act in a way that is consistent with its promise. Consistency imposes limits on the policy rate that can be set since reverting immediately to the optimal discretionary rate can be incompatible with exceeding the threshold. 相似文献
18.
作为一种重要的知识产权形式,专利为创新产品中无形资产的专有权利提供了正式保障,是推动中国制造业全球价值链上移的重要手段.近年来,中国企业在海外市场面临的知识产权纠纷日渐增多.在此背景下,布局海外专利对保障中国企业高质量"走出去"参与全球竞争的重要性日益凸显,但关于中国专利出海的研究较为鲜见.基于2001-2018年国民经济行业大类层面的出口和专利申请数据,本文考察了出口对中国海外专利布局的影响.结果显示,制造业出口显著地推动了中国在海外专利申请数量的增长.进一步的研究表明,地理距离在其中表现出调节作用且在制度维度上表现出异质性.具体而言,在知识产权保护强度较高的国家,地理距离会进一步放大出口对海外专利申请数量的促进作用;而在遗传距离和文化距离邻近的国家,地理距离则表现出负向调节作用.另外,"一带一路"倡议也促进了出口对中国专利出海的影响.在当前全球贸易环境较为动荡和中国出口产品努力走向全球价值链中高端的背景下,本文的经验证据对推动中国以专利为代表的无形资产海外布局有一定的启示和参考. 相似文献
19.
Rubén Loaiza‐Maya Michael S. Smith Worapree Maneesoonthorn 《Journal of Applied Econometrics》2018,33(3):332-354
We propose parametric copulas that capture serial dependence in stationary heteroskedastic time series. We suggest copulas for first‐order Markov series, and then extend them to higher orders and multivariate series. We derive the copula of a volatility proxy, based on which we propose new measures of volatility dependence, including co‐movement and spillover in multivariate series. In general, these depend upon the marginal distributions of the series. Using exchange rate returns, we show that the resulting copula models can capture their marginal distributions more accurately than univariate and multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models, and produce more accurate value‐at‐risk forecasts. 相似文献
20.
Studies that simultaneously explore the effects of sensory experience on consumer emotions and behavior are rare. This paper builds a model of buying behavior based on sensory experience, 570 valid questionnaires were obtained from coffeehouse customers. Using structural equation modeling and multiple regression analysis, this paper validates the concept model and verifies that sensory experience is a significant antecedent to buying behavior. This study indicates that certain sensory experiences significantly influence emotion. Emotion also plays a mediating role in the relationship between sensory experience and behavioral intentions. The findings are theoretically and practically profound as they address the relationships among sensory experience, consumer emotions, behavioral intentions, and buying behavior, as well as explore how the five senses affect emotions and buying behavior. This paper concludes by indicating managerial implications and research limitations. 相似文献