The world economy and the German economy in the spring of 1992

The world economy and the German economy in the spring of 1992     

On the Role of Regulatory Banking Capital

In this paper the authors study the role of regulatory banking capital and analyze the incentive effects of the Basel II Accord. They argue that Basel II may become a source of systemic risk due to endogenous risk and the risk sensitivity of the capital requirements. In this context they note that financial instability may enter via the asset side of the banks' balance sheets when banks are forced to sell assets in order to maintain the capital buffer prescribed by Basel II.     

Virale Markenkommunikation — Wirksame Interaktion statt „Trial and Error“

Zusammenfassung  Um mit einer viralen Markenkampagne Erfolg zu haben, bedarf es l?ngst mehr als nur einen Blog oder ein ins Netz gestelltes Video. Neben einer vorangehenden analytischen Auseinandersetzung, mit den Folgen einer Interaktion mit und unter Konsumenten, sind strategische überlegungen zur Marke Pflicht. Nur dann treffen die Ma?nahmen den Nerv der Kunden und machen sich auf dem Markenkonto positiv bemerkbar. Prof. Dr. Franz-Rudolf Esch Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Betriebswirtschaftslehre mit dem Schwerpunkt Marketing an der Justus-Liebig-Universit?t Gie?en und Direktor des Instituts für Marken- und Kommunikationsforschung. Dipl.-Kfm. Kai Harald Krieger Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrstuhl für Marketing von Prof. Dr. Franz-Rudolf Esch an der Justus-Liebig-Universit?t Gie?en sowie Projektmitarbeiter am Institut für Marken- und Kommunikationsforschung. Dipl.-Kfm. Daniel Stenger Junior-Consultant bei ESCH. The Brand Consultants und externer Doktorand am Lehrstuhl für Marketing von Prof. Dr. Franz-Rudolf Esch an der Justus-Liebig-Universit?t Gie?en.     

Air Pollution and Sick-leaves

During the last decade an increasing amount of studies have investigatedthe relationship between air pollution and human health effects. In thisstudy we investigate how these effects in turn induce reduced labourproductivity in terms of sick-leaves, which is an important factor inassessment of air pollution costs in urban areas. For this purpose weemploy a logit model along with data on sick-leaves from a large office inOslo and different air pollutants. Our results indicate that sick-leaves aresignificantly associated with particulate matter (PM₁₀), while theassociations with SO₂ and NO₂, are more ambiguous. We also tryto estimate the induced social costs in terms of lost labour productivity andincreased governmental expenditures, although these estimates are moreuncertain.     

Status,Daten und Entwicklungen der globalen Energieversorgung

Global energy consumption is growing. The growth in energy consumption is now covered roughly equally by renewable energy resources and fossil energy resources. Nevertheless, crude oil, natural gas and coal continue to form the backbone of energy supplies. This means that the dependency of energy supplies on fossil energy resources will continue for the foreseeable future. In Germany as well, there is no end in sight of the country decreasing its high dependency on imports of fossil energy resources despite the high growth rate of renewables—and due in part to the decline in domestic production and the withdrawal from nuclear power generation. Crude oil, natural gas, hard coal and lignite with a share of around 80%, still make the largest contribution to the German and global primary energy consumption.All of the renewables together cover around 17% of global energy consumption. Despite the almost inexhaustible potential, making energy generation from renewable sources available at a large scale and commensurate with demand is still in its infancy. By way of contrast, very large reserves of fossil energy resources have already been developed for many years, and are being used in growing quantities. The global comparison of already produced and therefore consumed energy resources and the still existing reserves and resources, reveal that large non-depleted energy potential still exists in all regions around the world. Whilst the potential hardly appears to be touched in Austral-Asia, in the CIS and North America, only a small portion has been produced to date even in Europe. This wealth in resources is primarily attributable to the large deposits of coal found on all continents, which, unlike conventional crude oil and natural gas, are not restricted to a few special regions. Although the Middle East is an extremely important region for crude oil and natural gas, the minor coal reserves in the area mean that its overall potential is comparatively small.     

Innovation,sustainable tourism and environments in mountain destination development: a comparative analysis of Austria,Slovenia and Switzerland

This paper contributes to the comparative tourism sustainability debate in the context of mountain tourism destinations. It is based on a published three-dimensional Mountain Destination Innovation Model (MDIM) which claims that tourism development depends on a destination's innovation levels, and is subject to different conditions in a variety of important destination environments (using that term in its broadest sense), including sociocultural, natural, political, legal and technological. The authors comparatively analyzed Austrian, Slovenian and Swiss mountain destinations, which are located in small countries in the Alpine region, and that makes their environments, innovation levels and stages of development relatively easy to compare. The analysis used 88 managers’ replies to a 72 element questionnaire employing both objective and subjective measures about performance with regard to MDIM dimensions. The findings confirm differences in the stages of tourism development, in innovation levels, as well as in the supporting role of their corresponding wider environments. Swiss and Austrian mountain destinations outperformed Slovenian in almost all respects, but not in protection and quality of the natural environment or in inherited sociocultural attractiveness, where significant differences were not determined. The findings could help development and tourism policy authorities to improve the factors that determine sustainable tourism destination development.     

Sicherstellung der Effektivität und Effizienz der Führung als Kernfunktion des Controlling

Die Sicherstellung der Effektivit?t und Effizienz der Führung kann als Wesensmerkmal des rationalit?tsorientierten Controlling sowie als Kernfunktion auch anderer Controlling-Konzeptionen verstanden werden.