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61.
62.
Herbert H. Meyer 《Organizational Dynamics》1975,3(3):39-50
To recapitulate briefly, I believe that the basis for most of the problems we have with merit pay plans is the fact that the great majority of people think their own job performance is above average. Even a well-administered merit pay plan cannot give positive feedback to this majority. The consequence is likely to be that the individual's self-esteem is threatened. Too often one copes with such a threat by demeaning the importance of the job or by derogating the source—that is, disparaging the boss or management in general.In addition, merit pay emphasizes the direct relationship between job performance and dollar rewards, thereby detracting from intrinsic motivation in the work itself. A system that would switch the emphasis to rewards for self-development and opportunities for greater responsibility would seem to serve both individual and organizational goals in a more effective manner. 相似文献
63.
Herbert Giersch 《Review of World Economics》1973,109(2):191-213
Zusammenfassung Zur Frage der optimalen Wechselkurs-Flexibilit?t. — Im Text und in der Tabelle wird erkl?rt, welche Kombinationen von Wechselkurspolitik,
Nachfragesteuerung und Einkommenspolitik geeignet sind, Zahlungsbilanzungleichgewichte zu korrigieren, die sich aus binnenwirtschaftlichen
Expansions- oder Kontraktionsprozessen ergeben (F?lle I–IV), und welche Kombinationen geeignet sind, binnenwirtschaftliche
Ziele zu erreichen, ohne da\ Ungleichgewichte der Zahlungsbilanz geschaffen oder verst?rkt werden. Zu den binnenwirtschaftlichen
Zielen, die in diesem Rahmen behandelt werden, geh?ren die Milderung oder Neutralisierung importierter Kontraktions- und Expansionsprozesse
(F?lle V–VIII), hausgemachter Unterbesch?ftigung oder übernachfrage (F?lle IX und X) und binnenwirtschaftlich verursachter
Konjunkturschwankungen (F?lle XI und XII).
Au\erdem wird gezeigt, welche Kombinationen der Wechselkurspolitik mit der Geld- und Einkommenspolitik geeignet sind, eine
importierte Inflation zu bek?mpfen und das reale Wirtschaftswachstum zu beschleunigen oder zu verlangsamen, ohne da\ unerwünschte
Zahlungsbilanzungleichgewichte entstehen (F?lle XIII–XV).
Résumé Le degré désirable de la flexibilité des cours des changes. — Le texte et le tableau expliquent quelles combinaisons de politique des cours des changes, politique monétaire-fiscale, et politique du revenu sont propres à empêcher ou corriger les déséquilibres de balance des paiements, déséquilibres qui résultent d’expansions ou de contractions à l’intérieur (les cas I à IV), et quelles combinaisons de ces politiques peuvent — sans créer ou aggraver des déséquilibres de balance des paiements — servir à atteindre des objectifs nationaux tels que l’atténuation ou la neutralisation des expansions ou contractions importées (cas V à VIII), le sousemploi ou la demande excessive à l’intérieur (cas IX et X), et les fluctuations de conjoncture causées à l’intérieur (cas XI et XII). Ensuite, il est démontré que d’autres combinaisons de ces trois politiques peuvent réduire une inflation importée et accélérer ou ralentir l’accroissement économique sans causer des déséquilibres indésirables de la balance des paiements (cas XIII à XV).
Resumen El grado deseable de flexibilidad en los tipos de cambio. — En el texto y el cuadro se explica, con qué combinatión de política cambiaria, política de demanda y politica de ingreso pueden corregirse desequilibrios de la balanza de pagos, que resultan de procesos interiores de expansión y contractión (casos I–IV), y qué combinaciones se prestan a la consecución de objetivos económicos domésticos, sin que surjan o se acrecienten desequilibrios de la balanza de pagos. Entre los objetivos domésticos que se consideran aquí figura la reductión o neutralization de procesos importados de contracción y expansión (casos V–VIII), de subempleo o exceso de demanda de origen doméstico (casos IX y X) y de fluctuaciones coyunturales provocadas desde adentro (casos XI y XII). Además se ense?a qué combinaciones de política cambiaria y de políticas monetaria y fiscal pueden combatir una inflatión importada y acelerar o retardar el crecimiento económico sin que surjan desequilibrios indeseados de la balanza de pagos (casos XIII–XV).
Riassunto Il grado desiderabile della flessibilità dei cambi. — Nel testo e nella tabella vengono spiegate quali combinazioni di politica dei cambi, regolazione della domande, e politica dei redditi sono adatte a correggere squilibri della bilancia dei pagamenti che risultano da processi economici interni de espansione o di contrazione (casi I–IV) e quali combinazioni sono adatte a raggiungere obiettivi economici interni senza che siano creati o rafforzati squilibri della bilancia dei pagamenti. Degli obiettivi economici interni, che sono trattati in questo ambito, fanno parte l’attenuazione o neutralizzazione di importati processi di contrazione e espansione (casi V–VIII), sottoccupazione o eccesso di domanda fatti in casa (casi IX e X) e variazioni congiunturali causate all’interno (casi XI e XII). Inoltre vengono mostrate quali combinazioni della politica dei cambi con la politica monetaria e dei redditi sono adatte a combattere un’inflazione importata e ad accelerare o ritardare l’espansione economica reale senza che sorgano indesiderati squilibri della bilancia dei pagamenti (casi XIII–XV).相似文献
64.
William Herbert Lee Stafford George Adrian Lotter Graham Paul von Maltitz Alan Colin Brent 《Development Southern Africa》2019,36(2):155-174
ABSTRACTThe benefits of biofuels depend on the feedstock, conversion pathway and local context. This paper assesses biofuels technology readiness and developments to provide foresight to biofuels development in Southern Africa. Efficient conversion pathways, coupled with biomass from waste or high-yielding energy crops, will reduce both the costs of biofuels production, and the environmental impacts. Compared to petroleum fuels, the current commercial biofuels (ethanol, biogas and biodiesel) typically offer carbon emission reductions of 30–50% but are marginally more expensive. The extent of biofuels market penetration will therefore be influenced by mandates (blending targets) and subsidies (green premium). Advanced biofuels promise greater efficiencies and carbon emission reductions at reduced cost but will require further research and development to reach commercialisation. If developed appropriately, biofuels can reduce carbon emissions and improve energy security, while enabling sustainable agriculture and improved natural resources management. 相似文献
65.
Herbert Paul 《Thunderbird国际商业评论》2000,42(2):187-200
Why are some companies highly successful in spotting and exploiting global opportunities, while others mismanage them or miss them entirely? The answer could lie in the company's mindset, a topical subject currently doing the rounds at numerous executive education seminars. The term corporate mindset refers to how the company sees the world and how this affects its actions. For companies operating on a global scale, developing a global corporate mindset presents a formidable managerial challenge. The corporate mindset determines to what extent management encourages and values cultural diversity, while simultaneously maintaining a certain degree of strategic cohesion. Developing a global corporate mindset and a group of global managers as its main flag bearers has become a key prerequisite for successfully competing and growing in worldwide markets. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
66.
Herbert Grubel 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(2):217-224
We examine the output elasticity of infrastructure for four South Asian countries viz., India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka using panel cointegration techniques for the period 1980–2005. In this context, we develop an index of infrastructure stocks and investigate the impact of infrastructure on output. The study finds a long-run equilibrium relationship between output and infrastructure along with other relevant variables, such as gross domestic capital formation (GDCF), labor force, international trade and human capital. The results reveal that GDCF, labor force, export and expenditure on human capital exhibit a positive contribution to output. More importantly, infrastructure development contributes significantly to output growth in South Asia. Further, the panel causality analysis shows that there is mutual feedback between total output and infrastructure development. 相似文献
67.
本文回顾了适用于严格固定货币汇率的技术方法,并从对货币联盟通过货币汇率严格固定所获得的利益与付出的代价的研究中给出证明。事实上,丧失货币主权而付出的代价由于有效资本市场和劳动力市场的形成而降低了。本文还讨论了一个被忽略的实行严格货币固定的好处,即小国因此而事受到更好的货币政策。完善的货币政策得以形成是因为小国将其货币主权交托于大型机构(大国央行或是货币联盟央行)后,其货币政策将免受政治因素的影响;另外部分原因在于大型机构拥有更多的金融和人力资源去设计和执行最佳的货币政策。由于在联盟内部实行区内贸易和资本流动,因此即便太央行的货币政策出错。对于它所服务的成员国来说,造成的影响也较小。 相似文献
68.
Maria Petrescu Michela Mingione John Gironda Herbert Brotspies 《Journal of Marketing Communications》2013,19(7):738-762
AbstractThe present study analyses the impact of ad scepticism on the way consumers perceive advertising and process its effects, and considers the influence of ad disclaimers. We conduct an experiment that explores three different contexts, namely (1) the total absence of ad disclaimers, (2) the presence of a retouch-free disclaimer and (3) the presence of a retouched disclaimer. By showing how ad scepticism fits in the advertising attitudinal approach, and how new digital developments affect consumers’ processing of advertisements, the results of this experiment can contribute to the marketing literature and clarify relevant topics for practitioners. This paper shows the significant influence played by ad believability and attitude towards the ad on behavioural intentions. This underlines, particularly for marketing practitioners, the importance of an ad’s believability and the credibility of its claims in the sales outcome. Most importantly, the framework offered by this paper shifts the attention towards the believability of advertising disclaimers aimed at clarifying the use of digitally enhanced images. 相似文献
69.
Herbert Mannel 《Heilberufe》2010,62(6):16-18
Die subcutane Flüssigkeitsgabe - Viele Jahrzehnte war die Flüssigkeitssubstitution mittels subcutaner Infusion in Vergessenheit geraten. Doch in den vergangenen Jahren erf?hrt die Hypodermoclyse wieder zunehmend an Bedeutung. 相似文献
70.
Herbert Kotzab Ph.D. 《Journal of Business Logistics》2010,31(2):63-109
Many logistics and supply chain management researchers have so far studied the nature of logistics and supply chain management research in terms of its domain and scope, its epistemological assumptions, and its evolution. However, the knowledge repository on which the scientific research community draws, that is, its intellectual foundation, has not yet been studied. Studying the intellectual foundation of research provides an unbiased and comprehensive picture of the development, dissemination, and utilization of its knowledge. In this article, we identify the most contributive works—in terms of citations received—that have been used in 497 articles published in the Journal of Business Logistics (JBL) between 1978 and 2007. By means of citation and co‐citation analysis, the intellectual structure of research in JBL is revealed and transformations therein are explored. Overall, the most frequently‐cited literature can be classified into six themes: physical distribution; inventory models; customer service; interorganizational relationships; competitive strategy; and empirical methodologies for socio‐scientific research. Furthermore, we determined a development in citation frequencies to these themes: literature related to physical distribution and inventory management declined over the three decades under study, whereas literature related to competitive strategy and empirical methods gained in importance. This development indicates a shift from an operational focus to a prioritization of managerial issues. Moreover, our results demonstrate a shift towards more relational and institutional research in logistics (management), which has been typically linked with the notion of supply chain management since the 1990's. 相似文献