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Peter Albrecht 《保险科学杂志》2003,92(4):725-743
The present contribution analyzes the implications of two central factors influencing the asset allocation decision of (German) life insurance companies, the development of the equity market on one hand and the interest rate guarantees included in traditional life insurance products on the other. The adverse development of share prices in 2000–2002 implies the necessity to consider not only ?normal“ volatility but also worst case-developments for the purpose of risk control. Formally this is done by using the risk measures value-at-risk and conditional value-at-risk. The specific ?myopic“ nature of interest rate guarantees in German life insurance products, which are granted on a yearly basis implies — beyond the general control of the shortfall risk with respect to the guaranteed interest rates — the necessity to per-form the asset allocation on a yearly basis to be in conformity with the time horizon of the liabilities.On the basis of a quantitative approach corresponding model calculations are performed. Thereby not only a pure market valuation is considered but also institutional peculiarities (hidden reserves, accounting norms) of German life insurance companies. The possibility of a riskless one-year investment, either based on market values or on balance sheet values, is revealed to be crucial for giving interest rate guarantees on a yearly basis. 相似文献
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Deirdre O'Loughlin Isabelle Szmigin Peter Turnbull 《Journal of Financial Services Marketing》2004,8(3):218-230
This paper explores and investigates the role of branding within financial services. Specifically, the study aims to assess the importance of branding and its associated elements including brand image and brand experience in the relationships that exist between consumers and their financial brands. It aims to achieve this through research, which identifies gaps between the managerial and consumer perspectives on branding in relationships in retail financial services. It is well established that the characteristics of services are different from those of manufactured goods and that service personnel play a central role in the services experience. Moreover, the concept of relationship marketing within services proclaims the importance of one-to-one relationships between businesses and customers as well as relationships between consumers and their brands. Drawing from the fields of brand management, relationship marketing and services marketing, this research aims to investigate the perceptional differences between consumers and suppliers in relation to the importance of branding in financial service relationships. The research findings indicate that brand experience appears to be far more salient than brand image in shaping and building meaningful and lasting brand perceptions and promoting customer retention. 相似文献
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The slow diffusion of self-service banking technologies (SSBTs) into the mature consumer market necessitates research to understand better this growing section of the population and the diversity that exists within this market. This research analyses the 50+ market through a segmentation approach based on the level of use of SSBTs. Three segments were identified: non-users, low users and medium-to-high users of SSBTs; these are profiled by frequency of use and demographic variables. The medium-to-high user segment embraces a range of SSBTs and uses credit cards to facilitate their financial activities. Non-users and some low users prefer the customary way of conducting transactions and enjoy the personal interaction with the bank employee. These two segments do, however, have a moderate level of credit card use. Finally, a small percentage of diffusion discontinuance was identified in this study of the mature consumer market. 相似文献
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Michael Schröder 《Financial Markets and Portfolio Management》2004,18(2):122-142
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助理人员的人力资源管理与事务所质量控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在会计师事务所质量控制中,制度虽然是必须的,但由于事务所特殊的行业特点和组织结构,人成了质量控制成功与否的基础和关键要素。目前事务所的全面质量控制体系基本上是建立在“以质量规程为指导,以工作底稿为载体,以三级复核的组织架构为基础”的偏硬性的质量控制流程和以“专业人员的执业道德和专业技术”为基础的软性质量控制,三级复核体系也很大程度上依赖于专业人员的执业判断和相互沟通交流。可以说事务所全面质量控制体系是以人为中心的,很大一部分内容属于人力资源管理的范畴,人力资源管理对事务所每个战略目标形成支撑。而对质量管… 相似文献