比较利益理论再探讨-与杨小凯、张永生先生商榷

李嘉图比较优势理论只是以两种产品两国贸易为实例,给多种产品或多个国家贸易的比较禀赋优势说留下思索空间.反对比较优势学说的人们试图给出反例,并认为比较禀赋优势说已被推翻.该文指出一些所谓的反例并不能称其为反例,新贸易理论也并不与比较禀赋优势说相悖,比较优势说仍然有其生命力.     

更新培训观念 变革培训策略

以外语教师教育为切入点,从外语教师职业专业化、外语教师的培训与发展策略、外语教师作为研究者等角度入手,探讨了新世纪外语教师的培训与发展这一热点问题。     

Drama theory and its relation to game theory. Part 2: Formal model of the resolution process

In a drama, characters' preferences and options change under the pressure of pre-play negotiations. Thus they undergo change and development. A formal model of dramatic transformation is presented that shows how the core of a drama is transformed by the interaction among the characters into a strict, strong equilibrium to which they all aspire. The process is seen to be driven by actors' reactions to various paradoxes of rationality.     

Drama theory and its relation to game theory. Part 1: Dramatic resolution vs. Rational solution

Drama theory differs from game theory in that it does not regard actors' preferences and perceived opportunities as fixed, but as capable of being changed by the actors themselves under the pressure of pre-play negotiations. Thus characters in a drama undergo change and development. A manyperson, multiphase theory of dramatic transformation is presented, showing how thecore of a drama (in the sense of game theory) is transformed by the interaction between the characters into a strict, strong equilibrium to which they all aspire. The process of dramatic transformation is shown to be driven by actors' reactions to various paradoxes of rationality; it is proved that when all these paradoxes have been overcome, a full dramatic resolution has been reached, satisfying actors' emotional and moral demands, as well as the demands of rationality.     

基于目标替代率的税延型商业养老保险扣除限额优化研究

我国养老保障体系三支柱发展严重失衡,为了缓解基本养老保险的压力,提升养老保险替代率,商业养老保险的发展迫在眉睫,税收递延型商业养老保险也开始试点。在2018年个税改革后,目前税收递延型商业养老保险推行办法下,中低收入群体无法享受实际税收优惠,高收入群体可享受的税收优惠有限且过低。本文以替代率为基准,根据精算平衡原理构建模型,对扣除限额进行优化研究,试图测算出与新个税办法匹配且有利于多层次收入水平的消费个体享受实际税优的扣除限额。同时,本文还对不同扣除限额下开始购买保险年龄、个税起征点、个人收益率及初始收入水平这四个参数变化对实际税优额的影响做了分析,得出所测算出的扣除限额的确较现行扣除限额更为合理,并提出了相关对策建议。     

Book Reviews

Leon A. Mears, The New Rice Economy of Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1981, pp. xxiii + 605. Price US$15.

Alfian, Mely G. Tan, Selo Soemardjan (eds). Kemirkinan Struktural: Suatu Bunga Rampai (Structural Poverty: A Collection). Jakarta: Yayasan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial (YIIS), 1980. pp. 189. Rp 2000.

Thee Kian Wie, Pemerataan- Kemiskinan- Ketimpangan (Equalization-Poverty-Uneven Distribution), Jakarta: Sinar Harapan. 1981, pp. 152. Rp 1750.

Bulletin Leknns, Year 1 No. 2, Feb. 1982, Special Edition on Employment Opportunity, Poverty and Population Mobility in Rural Areas, pp. 146.

Mubyarto (ed.), Growth and Equity in Indonesian Agricultural Development, Jakarta: Yayasan Agro Ekonomika, 1982. pp. xv + 258.

Muriel Charras, De la forêt malefique à I'herbe divine [From Malign Jungle to Divine Grain]: La transmigration en Indonesie: Les Balinais a Sulawesi, Paris: Editions de la Maison des sciences de I'homme 1982, pp, viii + 341. Price Fr. 90.00.

Yujiro Hayami and Masao Kikuchi. Asian Village Economy at the Crossroads: An Economic Approach to Institutional Change, Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1981, pp. xvi + 275. Yen 4000. Geoffrey B. Hainsworth (ed.), Village-level Modernization in Southeast Asia: The Political Economy of Rice and Water. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. 1982. pp. ix + 411. Can$34.00.

Colin MacAndrews and Chia Lin-Sien (eds.). Too Rapid Rural Development: Perceptions and Perspectives from Southeast Asia, Athens: University of Ohio Press, pp. xiv + 369. Cloth $19.95, paper $10.95.

Gary E. Hansen (ed.), Agricultural and Rural Development in Indonesia, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1981, pp. xiv + 312.

William L. Collier, Declining Labour Absorption (1878 to 1980) in Javanese Rice Production, Bogor: Agro-economic Survey, Rural Dynamics Study, Publication No. 2, 1980, pp. 120.     

扩大废钢回收增加电炉钢产量

介绍废钢的自产、加工和折旧来源,并举例说明废钢来源与使用的平衡,介绍我国冶金废钢的供需状况,最后说明连续熔化电弧炉(Consteel)的进展。     

钢材消费增速趋缓的回顾与思考

2004年是世界钢铁业发展的鼎盛年,产钢1054.6Mt（比上年增产8.8%）,产钢材935Mt.日本经济开始复苏,钢铁生产创新高,出口钢材创30年来最高记录.上涨的钢价和附加价值高的产品，使销售收入增加7％～16％，利润提升74％。83％；2004年财政年度四大钢（新日铁、JFE、神户和住友）的销售利润率超15％，明显高于丰田的水平。这四大钢用2。3年的时间进行了铁矿石供应项目的投资，签定了购买矿石和矿山的合同。     

对煤炭企业发展循环经济的思考

本文从资源开发和利用,企业转变经济增长方式,社会、企业和环境和谐发展的角度探讨了煤炭企业发展循环经济的必要性,提出了煤炭企业发展循环经济的基本思路和主要措施.     

Annual Reporting Mechanisms of National Health Service Trusts

This article investigates the role of the annual report and the annual general meeting (AGM) in the context of NHS trusts. The authors report the results of a questionnaire survey of every NHS trust in the UK. Significant variation in the approach taken within a common framework of accountability was found. In general, there seems to be little public demand for trusts' annual reports and attendance at their AGMs was low. The research indicates possibilities of extending annual reporting in the public sector beyond the annual report and AGM and discloses innovative ways that trusts have attempted to overcome the limited interest of stakeholders produced by the traditional reporting mechanisms.