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991.
We consider a model of vertical product differentiation where consumers care about the environmental damage their consumption
causes. An environmental group is capable of increasing consumers’ environmental concern via a costly campaign. We show that
the prospect of such a campaign can induce entry by a firm that is able to employ a cleaner technology than the one used by
the incumbent. We further demonstrate that the subsequent competition can lead to an adverse effect on aggregate pollution,
i.e. the decline in average industry pollution per product is offset by the increase in aggregate production.
相似文献
992.
Meta-Functional Benefit Transfer for Wetland Valuation: Making the Most of Small Samples 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
This study applies functional Benefit Transfer via Meta-Regression Modeling to derive valuation estimates for wetlands in
an actual policy setting of proposed groundwater transfers in Eastern Nevada. We illustrate how Bayesian estimation techniques
can be used to overcome small sample problems notoriously present in Meta-functional Benefit Transfer. The highlights of our
methodology are: (i) The hierarchical modeling of heteroskedasticity; (ii) The ability to incorporate additional information
via refined priors; and (ii) The derivation of measures of model performance with the corresponding option of model-averaged
Benefit Transfer predictions. Our results indicate that economic losses associated with the disappearance of these wetlands
can be substantial and that primary valuation studies are warranted.
相似文献
993.
994.
995.
Tobias Pfutze 《Journal of Economics》2009,97(3):273-275
996.
Kerstin Puschke 《Journal of Economics》2009,96(2):149-168
This paper shows that a firm prefers a process-based task assignment compared to a function-based one if the tasks are from
functional areas which are neither too complementary nor too substitutable. We consider several projects (processes) with
contributions from several functional areas. The organization can be structured along processes like product lines (M-form) or along functional areas like marketing or production (U-form). The U-form enables cost savings due to specialization or scale economies. The more effective incentives under the M-form might outweigh these savings if the functions are neither too complementary nor too substitutable.
相似文献
997.
Lisa V. Bruttel 《Journal of Economics》2009,96(2):113-136
This paper considers the stability of tacit collusion in price setting duopolies with repeated interaction. The minimum discount
factor above which tacit collusion can be sustained in a subgame perfect equilibrium is called the critical discount factor
δ*. In addition, δ* is often used as an intuitive measure for the stability of a tacit cartel, assuming that a collusive equilibrium is more
difficult to sustain when δ* increases. However, according to standard theory the distance δ − δ* between the actual and the critical discount factor does not matter for stability as long as δ > δ*. This paper contributes experimental evidence that supports the intuitive idea that a larger critical discount factor makes
collusion a less likely outcome.
相似文献
998.
Tim Friehe 《Journal of Economics》2009,97(2):165-183
The severity of the sanction for a given offense is often determined by the offense history of the offender. We establish
that this policy can be welfare-maximizing if individuals are imperfectly informed about the magnitude of the sanction. Imperfect
information distorts individuals’ perception of the expected sanction of the first offense. Once detected, individuals learn
about the sanction applicable to their act, making this argument less relevant for consecutive offenses.
相似文献
999.
This study presents a framework for investigating the benefit incidence of provision of public recreation opportunities. The
proportion of individuals who use outdoor recreation services increases with income, and frequency of use differs by the users’
gender and life situation (e.g., depending on whether they are students or older citizens). The decomposition of distributive
incidence shows that a bias in favor of high-income groups may be accentuated when the perceived value of these services is
taken into account in monetary terms. We compare alternative strategies in terms of equity for improving recreation opportunities,
e.g., reduced distance to or increased acreage of recreation sites. Our results indicate that although these strategies improve
the welfare distribution among the income groups, a considerable proportion of benefits nevertheless accrue to high-income
groups.
相似文献
1000.
Tasos Kalandrakis 《Economic Theory》2009,41(2):317-343
We show that equilibria of a class of participation games (Palfrey and Rosenthal in Public Choice 41(1):7–53, 1983; Journal
of Public Economics 24(2):171–193, 1984) exhibit minimal heterogeneity of behavior so that players’ mixed strategies are summarized
by at most two probabilities. We then establish that, except for a finite set of common costs of participation, these games
are regular. Thus, equilibria of these voting games are robust to general payoff perturbations and survive in nearby games
of incomplete information.
Thanks to participants of the 2006 MPSA conference for comments on an early version. 相似文献