Employee Identities in Corporate Codes of Ethics: The Equal,Responsible, Subordinating,and Self‐Monitoring Employee

The article invites the reader to engage in a critical perspective. It emphasizes the role of language in formal corporate documents and the discursive practices of language use. It presents the results of a study that analyzes the corporate codes of ethics of the German Dax30‐companies. The study conceives codes of ethics as texts deploying discursive practices in order to position the various actors addressed in the documents. Four distinct identities have been elaborated: the equal, the responsible, the subordinating, and the self‐monitoring employee. This study demonstrates that codes of ethics propose various subject positions of the employee and through this positioning aim to regulate the identification processes. Copyright © 2011 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Information-seeking behaviour in interactive videotex. Training effects in an experimental investigation

First, we present a conceptual framework designed to measure information-seeking behaviour of non-professional users of Bildschirmtext, the German version of interactive videotex. A training programme is conceived with the aim of improving high school students' information-seeking behaviour in videotex by means of three consumer education lessons. Second, a laboratory investigation is described which set out to measure the influence of user training and the impact of three antecedents (sex, age, and school mark) upon four constructs of information-seeking behaviour, viz., precision of the information goal, user efficiency, content and amount of retrieved information, and satisfaction with the system. We found (a) that the training increased the ability to formulate precise information goals, (b) that the more precise the information goal the less the user efficiency and the less the satisfaction with the system, and (c) that there exist substantial sex-specific differences in information-seeking behaviour.

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Zusammenfassung Um Bildschirmtext (Btx) wirkungsvoll nutzen zu können, muß der Teilnehmer sein Informationsverhalten den Speicherstrukturen dieses interaktiven Systems anpassen, die vom Suchbaum-Menue-Prinzip geprägt sind. Da das alltägliche Informationsverhalten des durchschnittlichen Verbrauchers nicht derart strengen Regeln folgt, ist fraglich, ob Btx eine erfolgreiche Karriere als Verbraucherinformationssystem beschieden sein wird. Für Zwecke der Untersuchung wird zunächst ein Konzept entwickelt, um das Informationsverhalten nicht-professioneller Nutzer an Btx messen zu können. Weiterhin wird ein Trainingsprogramm entwickelt, das geeignet scheint, Schüler/innen im Rahmen der Verbrauchererziehung in dem wirkungsvollen Gebrauch von Bildschirmtext zu unterweisen. Die Wirkung dieses Programms und der Einfluß dreier Antezedenzvariablen (Alter, Geschlecht und Schulnote) wird im Hinblick auf vier Größen des Informationsverhaltens (Präzision des Informationsziels, Effizienz des Nutzerverhaltens, Art und Inhalt der abgerufenen Informationen und Zufriedenheit mit der Btx-Nutzung) bei Jugendlichen zwischen 13 und 16 Jahren gemessen. Zur Analyse wurde das LISREL Programm eingesetzt, das die kausalen Strukturen zwischen beobachtbaren und latenten Variablen abbildet und überprüft. Es zeigt sich, daß (a) das Nutzertrainung die Präzision des Informationsziels erhöht, daß (b) präzisere Informationsziele die Nutzereffizienz und die Zufriedenheit mit dem System reduzieren, und daß (c) die Bildschirmtextnutzung starke geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede aufweist. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen, daß rechnergestützte, interaktive Informationssysteme für den Verbraucher erst dann von Nutzen sein können, wenn das Informationsangebot konsequent seinen Informationsfähigkeiten und -bedürfnissen angepaßt wird.

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Eberhard Kuhlmann is Professor of Consumer Economics and Ingo Balderjahn Assistant Professor of Quantitative Methods in Economics at the Technical University of Berlin. Mailing address: Technische Universität Berlin, Franklinstr. 28/29; D-1000 Berlin 10, FRG.     

Commitment Strategies for Sustainability: How Business Firms Can Transform Trade‐Offs Into Win–Win Outcomes

This paper addresses a fundamental problem in corporate sustainability: How can corporations transform trade‐offs through win–win‐oriented governance strategies aimed at creating value? Drawing on new strands of research in business ethics, we employ an ‘ordonomic’ perspective and proceed in four steps. First, we sketch how sustainability semantics has evolved historically from a societal searchlight to a heuristics for business practice. Second, we discuss how business firms can make strategic use of moral commitments as governance contributions by deploying individual or collective self‐commitments as well as commitment services in their stakeholder relations. Third, we combine these four governance strategies with the three ESG (‘ecological, social and governance’) criteria of sustainability. We derive and illustrate with real‐life examples a 12‐box matrix as a tool for the strategic management of corporate sustainability. Fourth, we discuss the specific contribution of our ordonomic approach to the literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

An economic analysis of consumer class actions in regulated industries

Regulation and consumer class actions can complement, duplicate, or oppose each other, depending, among others, on the leanings of regulatory objective functions towards the industry or consumers. In particular, pro-consumer regulators would like to see consumers benefit from class actions while pro-industry regulators would like to prevent regulated firms from being harmed by them. However, because pro-consumer regulators are already doing their best for consumers and pro-industry regulators their best for firms, they are both usually constrained in their policies. The result is that class actions tend to be less efficient under pro-consumer regulators and more efficient under pro-industry regulators.      

Alliance or Acquisition? A Mechanisms‐Based,Policy‐Capturing Analysis

Research summary : While alliance researchers view prior partner‐specific alliance experience as influencing firms' subsequent alliance or acquisition decisions, empirical evidence on the alliance versus acquisition decision is surprisingly mixed. We offer a reconciliation by proposing and testing an analytical framework that recognizes prior partner‐specific experiences as heterogeneous along three fundamental dimensions: partner‐specific trust, routines, and value certainty. This allows us to use a policy‐capturing methodology to rigorously operationalize and test our mechanism‐level predictions. We find that all three mechanisms can increase the likelihood of a subsequent alliance or acquisition, and in terms of the comparative choice between alliances versus acquisitions, partner‐specific trust pulls towards alliances, and value certainty pulls towards acquisitions. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and empirical implications of our approach and method . Managerial summary : This study focuses on an important corporate decision: When a firm has had an alliance with another firm, how would that experience affect the likelihood of a future alliance or acquisition with that same firm? We first suggest that it will depend on three factors: the level of trust that existed in that prior alliance, the extent to which specific work routines were developed, and the degree to which the firm was able to confidently assess the value of the partner firm's resources. We then find that trust is a particularly strong predictor of future alliances, while confidence regarding value more strongly predicts future acquisitions. In this way, we demonstrate more precisely how past corporate choices can affect (consciously or unconsciously) future ones . © 2017 The Authors. Strategic Management Journal Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Cross-Industrial User Channel Preferences on the Path to Online Purchase: Homogeneous,Heterogeneous, or Mixed?

Though research literature addresses a broad range of advertising impact models, studies on the channel preferences of online purchasers have received little attention, regarding both multichannel settings and channel interplay in click sequences. To provide advertisers a method for better evaluating customer channel preference, this study investigates the path to purchase by building on four multichannel clickstream data sets from three industries, recorded with cookie-tracking technologies. Applying a Cox model and clustering techniques supports delineation of empirical generalizations and industry-specific findings on channel exposure, including their antecedents and distinct channel click sequences. Across data sets, online users show idiosyncratic channel preferences for a limited set of one or two channels rather than multiple online vehicles. Both channel homogeneous click sequences and combinations of two channels (including branded contacts) are effective as purchase predictors. Our study also presents industry-specific results regarding the influence of click sequences on purchase intent, thereby providing insights for advertising research, particularly as are suited to optimization of online advertising activities.     

Emiratisation: determining the factors that influence the recruitment decisions of employers in the UAE

The Arab Gulf's labour market is being overhauled. The private sector is increasingly being ‘obliged’ to more actively support nationalisation programmes. This study seeks to quantitatively determine the recruitment decisions of the employers. We collated the views of just under 250 UAE-based HRM personnel, in order to identify which factors (social, cultural, economic, regulatory, educational and motivational) are most significant as cited in the relevant literature. Not having the necessary educational qualifications and high reservation wage demands were found to have less of a bearing than does the perceived lack of vocationally orientated motivation and the ambiguities over the differing rights afforded to employees.     

The Organisational Evolution of the Childcare Regime in Germany: Issues and Dynamics of a Public‐private Partnership

In many European countries, institutional childcare has developed as a field shaped by both statutory and associative agency, the German system being emblematic for this. In Germany, a considerable proportion of childcare services are provided by nonprofit organizations under public regulation. Departing from a historical overview, the article elaborates on the mixed economy of welfare in that system and sheds light on recent transformations of the existing public‐private partnership. It is argued that with a range of cultural and civil‐society‐related evolutions, the system is going to adopt elements of a market regulation that are prone to change the rules of games within the partnership as such.