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981.
Partly in response to the Asian economic crisis, many organisations in the Asia Pacific rim reduced staff numbers. This research examines the New Zealand experience of this change intervention from 1997 to 1999. This includes an examination of the impact on financial performance, and how the process followed may moderate such an impact. A questionnaire instrument was designed to measure this, to which responses were received from 155 New Zealand for-profit organisations employing fifty or more people.There is some evidence to suggest that those respondents who had downsized over the period of the study reported lower measures of profitability than those who did not (p < .05). Also, ensuring the procedure was perceived as just by the employees, and offering outplacement help to those who lost their jobs, went some way to improving the financial performance of downsized firms (p < .05). This may suggest that if downsizing is necessary then attention needs to be given to how the process is implemented in order to maximise the financial return.Peter Carswell teaches, consults and researches in the areas of organisational change, development, and innovation; leadership; strategic management; team building; people management and human resource training; organisational culture; management development; and entrepreneurship. He is a research fellow at UNITEC Institute of Technology in New Zealand. 相似文献
982.
The Exogamic Nature of Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper suggests that Sino-foreign joint ventures areexogamicpartnerships. Three hypotheses were formulated: (1) partners pool differentiated sets of idiosyncratic and non-substitutable resources into their joint ventures; (2) they establish cooperation to gain access to resources provided by their counterparts; (3) the younger the partnership, the less the partners contribute with idiosyncratic resources. A questionnaire investigation was conducted into 67 Sino-foreign joint ventures. The test for H1 clearly demonstrated that each partner pools very different resources into the joint venture. H2 was also clearly supported by the data collected. However, H3 was weakly supported. 相似文献
983.
Empirical studies have shown that the size distribution of firms can be described as a Pareto distribution. However, these
studies have focused on large firms and aggregate statistics. Little attention has been placed on the role of technology in
shaping firm size distributions. Using a comprehensive dataset of manufacturing firms and the Community Innovation Survey
from the Netherlands, the paper investigates the relationship between firm size and technology. It shows that technological
factors shape the distribution of firm size, suggesting that the Pareto law is not an invariant property and that technology
can constrain the “self-organising” character of industrial economies. 相似文献
984.
985.
Timothy?J.?RichardsEmail author Paul?M.?Patterson 《Review of Industrial Organization》2005,26(4):391-413
Supermarket retailers make strategic pricing decisions in a high-frequency, repeated game environment both in buying and selling fresh produce. In this context, there is some question as to whether a non-cooperative equilibrium can emerge that produces margins above the competitive level. Supermarket pricing results from tacitly collusive equilibria supported by trigger price strategies played in upstream markets. Upstream activities are, in turn, driven by periodic retail price promotions. This hypothesis is tested using a sample of fresh produce pricing data from 20 US supermarket chains. The results support the existence of tacitly collusive non-cooperative equilibria in upstream and downstream markets. 相似文献
986.
This paper examines the price effects of generic drugs that are produced by brand-name drug firms and that are labeled, priced,
and marketed to compete against independent generics. The strategy of introducing such “pseudo-generics” – also known as “authorized
generics” – has raised some antitrust concerns. One defense of this strategy has been that the additional competition created
by pseudo-generics should lead to lower prices. This paper develops a simple model to show that pseudo-generics can be expected
to have exactly the opposite effect. It then examines empirical evidence on this point from the Canadian pharmaceutical market,
showing that there appears to be a positive relationship between drug prices and the share of generic sales made by the brand’s
own pseudo-generic. 相似文献
987.
This paper covers the activities of the Economic Analysis Group (EAG), during 2004–2005. It describes the economic analysis
undertaken by EAG in several important investigations, appellate matters, and other activities as an advocate for competition. 相似文献
988.
989.
Henri?ChristiaansEmail author Kees?Venselaar 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2005,15(3):217-236
The present study focuses on the relationship between the acquisition of design knowledge by novice design students and the
quality of their designs. Design learning is typically based on action and reflection. Knowledge of solution processes, being
part of this reflection, is found to be crucial in monitoring and controlling the design process and in reaching an optimal,
creative result. The studies described in this article suggest a close relationship between the amount of process knowledge
– knowledge of managing and monitoring the solution finding process – reported by novice designers, and the creativity of
the designed product. 相似文献
990.
There is a continuing perception that current educational arrangements for technology education in modern liberal democracies are at odds with its actual delivery in the classroom (Dakers & Doherty 2003). The technè versus poiesis tension (explained later) is one major contributor to this perception. Equally, the practice of transmission versus constructivist pedagogies contributes to the mismatch between policy and practice.This paper will investigate how factors relating to these two contributions affect the delivery of technological education. It will begin by discussing the derivation of the word technology and how its modern incarnation has become not only amorphous, but confusing for technology education, in that the term can be taken to mean production on the one hand or process on the other. It will then explore technology teachers perceptions (and misperceptions) of what constitutes technology education, and discuss why this can lead to confusion. It will further consider how this can affect the pedagogy adopted. It will then examine two pedagogical frameworks which result from teachers perceptions of technology education as either; a process of internalisation of technological skills and functions as representations exclusively within the mind and unique to the individual, thus solo, or; a process of technological skills and functions embedded in sociocultural activity in which cognition is distributed across the internal mind and the external environment. Finally, the paper will offer a framework for the delivery of technology education set within a community of learners paradigm. 相似文献