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321.
António Brandão Joana Pinho Joana Resende Paula Sarmento Isabel Soares 《Portuguese Economic Journal》2016,15(2):99-127
In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that enriches the literature on the pros and cons of ownership unbundling vis-à-vis lighter unbundling frameworks in the natural gas markets. For each regulatory framework, we compute equilibrium outcomes when an incumbent firm and a new entrant compete à la Cournot in the final gas market. We find that the entrant’s contracting conditions in the upstream market and the transmission tariff are key determinants of the market structure in the downstream gas market (both with ownership and with legal unbundling). We also study how the regulator must optimally set transmission tariffs in each of the two unbundling regimes. We conclude that welfare maximizing tariffs often require free access to the transmission network (in both regulatoy regimes). However, when the regulator aims at promoting the break-even of the regulated transmission system operator, the first-best tariff is unfeasible in both regimes. Hence, we study a more realistic set-up, in which the regulator’s action is constrained by the break-even of the regulated firm (the transmission system operator). In this set-up, we find that, for a given transmission tariff, final prices in the downstream market are always higher with ownership unbundling than with legal unbundling. 相似文献
322.
Ricardo Rocha de Azevedo André Carlos Busanelli de Aquino Fabricio Ramos Neves Cleia Maria da Silva 《公共资金与管理》2020,40(7):509-518
ABSTRACT This paper shows how ongoing accounting reforms in Brazilian local governments were affected by a shift from a universal to a gradual implementation approach. Deadlines being postponed led to a decrease in local governments’ willingness to reform. This effect varied according whether the accountants involved depended on commercial software to operate a particular accounting policy. An important finding from this research was that software providers are to some extent setting the IPSAS implementation agenda in Brazil. 相似文献
323.
The effects of tone at the top and coordination with external auditors on internal auditors’ fraud risk assessments
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Prior research suggests that internal auditors’ judgements are subject to management influence resulting in compromised risk assessments. This study investigates the effects of the tone at the top and coordination with external auditors on internal auditors’ fraud risk assessments. Results of an experiment involving 64 internal auditors indicate that when the tone at the top is poor, rather than favouring management, internal auditors report a higher risk of intentional misstatements and that coordination with external auditors can further reduce expectations of the incidence of intentional misstatements. 相似文献
324.
This article carries out an empirical examination of the origin of the differences between immigrant and native-born wage
structures in the Spanish labour market. Special attention is given in the analysis to the role played by occupational and
workplace segregation of immigrants. Legal immigrants from developing countries exhibit lower mean wages and a more compressed
wage structure than native-born workers. By contrast, immigrants from developed countries display higher mean wages and a
more dispersed wage structure. The main empirical finding is that the disparities in the wage distributions for the native-born
and both groups of immigrants are largely explained by their different observed characteristics, with a particularly important
influence in this context of workplace and, specially, occupational segregation.
Hipólito Simón, Esteban Sanromá and Raúl Ramos wish to thank the support received from the Ministerio de Fomento and the Ministerio
de Educación y Ciencia through the projects T 75/2006 (Plan Nacional de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Científica), SEJ2004-05860/ECON and SEJ2005-04348/ECON, respectively. A previous version of this paper was published as an IVIE Working
Paper (WP-EC 2007-03). 相似文献
325.
Nuria Calvo Braulio Perez Laura Varela-Candamio Isabel Novo-Corti 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2017,29(4):425-441
This paper contributes to the organisational study of the creativity applied to business innovation through the analysis of three propositions: (1) there are substantial differences between Creative Entrepreneurial Initiatives (CEIs) and non-CEIs, with regard to human capital factors, structural capital factors, intellectual property, and creative value chain; (2) there are institutional, financial, and educational barriers that limit the creation of CEIs in South Europe (Portugal, France, and Spain); and (3) the adaptation of organisational measures of stimulus to the specificity of CEIs through a flow diagram can reduce the limiting effect of the barriers detected by CEIs. From this approach, researchers and policy-makers can obtain a better understanding of the specificities of the CIEs from a sectoral, strategic, and organisational focus. 相似文献
326.
Isabel?Almudi Francisco?Fatas-Villafranca Jason?PottsEmail author 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2017,19(1):165-185
We present a new evolutionary political economy approach to the study of transition dynamics based on a co-evolutionary model of differential citizen contributions to competing ‘utopias’—market fundamentalism, socialism, and environmentalism. We model sustainability transitions as an outcome of ‘utopia competition’ in which environmentalism manages to coexist with the market, while socialism vanishes. Our simulation-based framework suggests that the individual economic contributions of citizens to the battle of ideas—both the distribution within a utopia, and the interaction between different utopias—are crucial but much overlooked micro-factors in explaining the dynamics of sustainability transitions. 相似文献
327.
Armuña Cristina Ramos Sergio Juan Jesús Feijóo Claudio Arenal Alberto 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2020,16(3):1153-1154
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal - The author included the name of her University in English “Technical University of Madrid” and it seems that to validate it for... 相似文献
328.
Isabel H. Correia 《Economic Theory》1999,13(1):199-205
Summary. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the class of fiscal rules of income transformation which are equity improving
and, at the same time, preserve the ranking of existing distributions. Contrary to the related literature individual well-being
depends not just on income but also on prices. We show that, when the environment is restricted such that a general transformation
class still can be defined, the only “desirable” fiscal rule is the simple redistributive linear taxation schedule, of the
same type that is the rule in practice in most economies.
Received: May 8, 1997; revised version: September 15, 1997 相似文献
329.
Isabel Loupa Ramos 《Futures》2010,42(7):682-692
The European Landscape Convention (ELC) calls for the definition of ‘landscape quality objectives’ (LQO) as “the formulation by the competent public authorities of the aspirations of the public with regard to the landscape features of their surroundings”. However, it is not yet defined how the integration of the visions of the public should be carried out. Notably in regions with poor participatory culture and in rural landscapes abandoned by people and consequently by their activities, dealing with the future does not seem a straightforward task. In these marginal rural landscapes the role of agriculture is being altered under the influence of the new rationale of the Common Agriculture Policy, so it may have to assume different functions in the future. Thus, this paper aims at showing how the development of ‘exploratory landscape scenarios’ can be a useful tool, firstly to find plausible landscape futures, and secondly to trigger discussions with the public regarding their aspirations for their landscape. The development procedure for ‘exploratory landscape scenarios’ builds on the ‘intuitive logics’ approach that focuses on the production of a variety of scenarios as starting point for discussion about the future rather than on finding an optimal one, which can limit the options unnecessarily from the beginning. The methodological approach is illustrated at a local scale by using the case study of Mértola in southeast Portugal. The results of the scenario exercise point out the adequateness of the methodology in the development of futures that are perceived as plausible by local stakeholders and, thereby, able to bring out their desires and threats towards the future of their landscape. 相似文献
330.
This paper presents three tests of contagion of the US subprime crisis to the European stock markets of the NYSE Euronext
group. Copula models are used to analyse dependence structures between the US and the other stock markets in the sample, in
the pre-crisis and in the subprime crisis periods. The first test assesses the existence of contagion on the relevant stock
markets’ indices, the second checks the homogeneity of contagion intensities, and the third compares contagion in financial
and in industrial sectors’ indices. Results suggest that contagion exists, and is equally felt, in most stock markets and
that investors anticipated a spreading of the financial crisis to the indices of industrial sectors, long before such dissemination
was observable in the real economy. 相似文献