凝胶色谱法考察头孢唑林钠聚合反应

通过模拟不同贮存条件,采用凝胶色谱法对头孢唑林钠的聚合反应进行了研究,证明温度和水分两种因素是控制头孢唑林钠聚合反应的关键因素,并推断头孢唑林钠聚合反应可能为N型聚合反应。     

OPTIMUM-WELFARE AND MAXIMUM-REVENUE TARIFFS IN MIXED OLIGOPOLY WITH FOREIGN COMPETITORS

This paper re-examines the important tariff ranking issue under a linear mixed oligopoly model with foreign competitors and asymmetric costs. We demonstrate that under Cournot competition, when the size of domestic private and foreign private firms become more unequally distributed, optimum-welfare tariff will exceed maximum-revenue tariff. We also show that under Stackelberg competition, when the domestic government protects its domestic sector, it will levy higher optimum-welfare tariffs versus maximum-revenue tariffs; however, when it decides to open its doors more for foreign competitors, it will need to levy higher maximum-revenue tariffs versus optimum-welfare tariffs. The above results remain valid whether the domestic public firm acts as a leader or a follower.     

A MODEL OF SELF‐FULFILLING FINANCIAL CRISES*

This paper combines the structural weakness and the self‐fulfilling panic view to explain the cause of the East Asian crises. In this model economy, the diversification strategies induce conglomerate firms to overinvest. They accumulate losses due to their unprofitable sectors and then compensate by obtaining bank loans. Domestic banks, which borrow from foreign banks, lend money as long as the total amount of accumulated loans remains within the firms’ collateral value. The model shows that if the debt to collateral value ratio belongs to a certain range a self‐fulfilling crisis can occur due to the self‐fulfilling expectations of foreign investors.     

MM定理与科斯定理的"理想状态"研究

MM定理与科斯定理虽然分属会计学资本结构划分理论和经济学产权结构划分理论,却有看相同的思想核心.将MM定理类比于科斯定理进行重新表述,得出了能涵盖MM定理和权衡理论的结果.科斯定理的模型化又得益于MM定理原有模型的启发.二者通过比较又形成结构与形式的借鉴与统一,体现了哲学恒定论的观点.MM定理与科斯定理通过起点于"理想状态"的结构比较分析后,有助于拓展思维,深化各自领域的研究.这是财务理论研究"理想状态"研究方法的尝试.     

EFFECTS OF TAXES AND BENEFITS ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN KOREA

This paper examines the redistributive effects of Korea's fiscal policies, including consumption taxes and in‐kind benefits. Using the Household Income and Expenditure Survey of 2007, we find that taxes and transfers reduce income inequality in Korea by 13.8 percent. Contrary to the popular belief that direct taxes are the key tool for redistribution, in‐kind benefits, direct taxes, and social security contributions all decrease the Gini coefficient by 6.7, 4.7, and 2.9 percentage points, respectively. The redistributive effect of consumption taxes is small and negative (?0.5 percentage point). Policy simulations indicate that education spending financed by the personal income tax has a positive redistributive effect and that the lower 70 percent of households enjoy positive net benefits. Spending targeting the poor has a strong redistributive effect, which implies low popularity because the majority of households face net losses.     

Financial Integration in Emerging Asia: Challenges and Prospects

Using both quantity‐ and price‐based measures of financial integration, the paper shows an increasing degree of financial openness and integration in emerging Asia. Assessing the impact of a regional shock relative to a global shock on local equity and bond markets, the findings suggest that the region's equity markets are integrated more globally than regionally, although the degrees of both regional and global integration have increased significantly since the 1997/1998 Asian financial crisis. However, emerging Asia's local currency bond markets remain generally segmented, being neither regionally nor globally integrated. There are potential benefits from increased regional integration of financial markets. Financial integration at the regional level allows for the region's economies to benefit from allocation efficiency and risk diversification. Policymakers in the region must strike the right balance between maximizing the net benefits from regional and global financial openness, and minimizing the potential costs of financial contagion and crisis.     

韩国江原道新农渔村建设运动的开展过程和特征

新农渔村运动是韩国江原道1999年开始实行的由村民主导自下而上的农渔村开发方式。这次运动以三大目标和三大理念为基础,三大目标指的是实事求是、自力更生、自由竞争;三大理念为精神、收入、环境。每年在各市郡所推荐的村庄中选出30个优秀村庄,对各村庄给予5亿韩币的自行创新力量项目费作为支援。从1999年开始到2010年获选的优秀村庄共有264个,项目费共计支出1320亿韩币。收入提高项目费占75%,环境改善占10%。收入提高项目内容有共用民宿、农村体验村庄的建设、共用销售卖场、低温仓库等农村观光以及农产品流通基础设施建设。通过新农村建设运动,各村庄根据所具有的特征设定发展模式,村民们带着我们也能行的自信感,通过意识上的转变、新技术的引入和组织化的活跃进行,最终实现收入水平的提高。     

A Two‐Step Estimation of Consumer Adoption of Technology‐Based Service Innovations

Firms initially offer new technology‐based services to a limited number of customers to reduce risks and maximize their returns on the investments in the new technology. Consequently, consumers’ adoption of new technology‐based services is restricted by the limited access provided by the businesses. A model of consumer adoption was developed and estimated via a two‐step procedure. A significant sample selection bias was found with regard to access when estimating consumer adoption of a relatively new innovation, computer banking, but no such bias was found for a mature innovation, ATMs.     

Credit Default Swaps and Managers’ Voluntary Disclosure

We investigate how the availability of traded credit default swaps (CDSs) affects the referenced firms’ voluntary disclosure choices. CDSs enable lenders to hedge their credit risk exposure, weakening their incentives to monitor borrowers. We predict that reduced lender monitoring in turn leads shareholders to intensify their monitoring and demand increased voluntary disclosure from managers. Consistent with this expectation, we find that managers are more likely to issue earnings forecasts and forecast more frequently when traded CDSs reference their firms. We further find a stronger impact of CDS availability on firm disclosure when (1) lenders have higher ability and propensity to hedge credit risk using CDSs, and (2) lender monitoring incentives and monitoring strength are weaker. Consistent with an increase in shareholder demand for public information disclosure induced by a reduction in lender monitoring, we find a stronger effect of CDSs on voluntary disclosure for firms with higher institutional ownership and stronger corporate governance. Overall, our findings suggest that firms with traded CDS contracts enhance their voluntary disclosure to offset the effect of reduced monitoring by CDS‐protected lenders.     

Business Groups and Tunneling: Evidence from Private Securities Offerings by Korean Chaebols

We examine whether equity‐linked private securities offerings are used as a mechanism for tunneling among firms that belong to a Korean chaebol. We find that chaebol issuers involved in intragroup deals set the offering prices to benefit their controlling shareholders. We also find that chaebol issuers (member acquirers) realize an 8.8% (5.8%) higher (lower) announcement return than do other types of issuers (acquirers) if they sell private securities at a premium to other member firms, and if the controlling shareholders receive positive net gains from equity ownership in issuers and acquirers. These results are consistent with tunneling within business groups.