全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1848篇 |
免费 | 69篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 296篇 |
工业经济 | 155篇 |
计划管理 | 391篇 |
经济学 | 410篇 |
综合类 | 16篇 |
运输经济 | 17篇 |
旅游经济 | 24篇 |
贸易经济 | 360篇 |
农业经济 | 50篇 |
经济概况 | 195篇 |
邮电经济 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 26篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 63篇 |
2017年 | 52篇 |
2016年 | 95篇 |
2015年 | 55篇 |
2014年 | 95篇 |
2013年 | 261篇 |
2012年 | 84篇 |
2011年 | 90篇 |
2010年 | 91篇 |
2009年 | 82篇 |
2008年 | 67篇 |
2007年 | 71篇 |
2006年 | 44篇 |
2005年 | 39篇 |
2004年 | 33篇 |
2003年 | 45篇 |
2002年 | 38篇 |
2001年 | 26篇 |
2000年 | 42篇 |
1999年 | 44篇 |
1998年 | 34篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1917条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Jan Mattsson 《The Service Industries Journal》2013,33(1):45-61
Although the core of most services is a person-to-person encounter, we still know very little about its underlying mechanisms as very few models or theories have been developed for these dynamic interactions between persons. An holistic approach to quality improvement is therefore suggested. Different prototypical person-to-person encounters may be studied on different levels and interfaces in service operations to eliminate inconsistencies. The aim of this contribution is to review some recent research findings for person-to-person encounters from the neighbouring management fields of services, operations and human resources in order to draw together their strategic implications for service managers. Some ontological and methodological considerations of studying person-to-person encounters from a qualitative perspective are discussed. The outline of a multi-disciplinary and learning-centred research approach is also suggested. Findings are integrated by a model of four generic and strategic processes for quality improvement in service operations. Finally, some implications for managers are proposed. 相似文献
92.
Research on the organization of innovation projects suggests that increased project flexibility is a common reaction to high levels of technological turbulence. However, existing definitions of project flexibility are inconsistent and sometimes unclear, and empirical evidence is limited. This article makes an important distinction between flexible project planning and flexible project specifications. A negative relationship is found between flexible project planning and innovation project performance, whereas flexible product specifications are found to contribute positively.This article also examines how technological turbulence contributes to the choice of flexible or inflexible strategies. Technological turbulence can be present in the external environment or can be internal to the firm, when radically new products are developed. The findings suggest that when businesses perceive technological turbulence in the environment they are more likely to adopt flexible approaches to innovation in an attempt to adapt to external pressures. In technologically innovative projects, product specifications are likely to remain fixed while project organization is likely to be adapted to the needs of the project.Taken together, the findings suggest that innovation projects should maintain stable organization, schedules and budgets, but stay flexible about product specifications. Vigilance with regards to external and internal conditions of technological turbulence, which may lead organizations to be more flexible in terms of project planning, is needed. 相似文献
93.
Jan Rath 《Entrepreneurship & Regional Development》2013,25(4):355-372
Students of immigrant entrepreneurship show a distinct preference for ethnic concentrations. They focus on small entrepreneurship in sectors with large concentrations of immigrant businesses or on ethnic commercial precincts. This preference stems from practical and theoretical considerations. It seems that the study of such concentrations, or niches, is essential to the theoretical understanding of the structural determinants of small entrepreneurship and the processes of economic incorporation of immigrants. This paper challenges this orthodoxy. It argues that it is important to assess the factors and processes that positively and negatively affect the formation of niches. This argument is corroborated by an analysis of the construction industry in the Netherlands. According to Waldinger (1995: 577), ‘construction represents the quintessential ethnic niche’, but immigrants in the Netherlands did not carve out a niche. This exceptional situation can be attributed to a sector-specific configuration of social, economic and institutional processes. 相似文献
94.
In the assessment of mortality and morbidity risk, the ability of family history and genetic test results to predict the age of occurrence, severity, and long-term prognosis of 'genetic' diseases is important. An increasing number of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions have been demonstrated in a number of monogenic Mendelian diseases. These interactions can significantly modify the clinical presentation (disease phenotype) of diseases previously regarded purely as 'genetic.' As a result, 'genetic' diseases can be positioned in a continuum between classic Mendelian and complex disease where the extremes, pure genetic or solely non-genetic, do not exist. The position of any given disease in this continuum is defined by three components: the major gene(s) contributing to the phenotype, the variability added by modifier genes and the significance of environmental factors influencing the phenotype. As the predictive value of genetic test results can be significantly influenced by additional genetic and environmental risk factors, a better understanding of these factors may influence the quantification of mortality and morbidity risk. 相似文献
95.
We consider a semiparametric competing risk model given by k independent survival times. The paper offers an asymptotic treatment of tests for the semiparametric null hypothesis of equality of the underlying risks. It turns out that modified rank tests are asymptotically efficient for certain semiparametric submodels, where the baseline hazard is a nuisance parameter. In addition, the asymptotic relative efficiency of the present tests is derived. A comparison of asymptotic power functions can then be used to classify various tests proposed earlier in the literature. For instance a chi-square type test is efficient for proportional hazards. Data driven tests of likelihood ratio type are proposed for cones of alternatives. We will consider certain stochastically increasing alternatives as a special example. The paper shows how the concept of local asymptotic normality of Le Cam works for hazard oriented models. 相似文献
96.
Does the recent success of some OECD countries in lowering their unemployment rates lie in the clever design of their labor market reforms? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In recent years some OECD countries were successful in loweringthe unemployment rate substantially while other countries werenot. In this paper we investigate to what extent successfulcountries implemented a comprehensive set of institutional reforms.We present a theoretical framework to investigate the relationshipbetween unemployment and labor market institutions (LMI) suchas labor taxes, unemployment benefits, employment protection,union bargaining power and (de)centralization of bargaining.In our empirical analysis of data over the period 196099of 17 OECD countries we show that particular combinations ofLMI are responsible for low unemployment rates. 相似文献
97.
Jan K. Brueckner 《Journal of urban economics》1979,6(3):338-351
This paper develops general equilibrium conditions for urban areas where a pure public good is provided at a level decided upon by majority voting. Models with a property tax and a head tax and external land ownership are analyzed, and equilibrium solutions are compared using a specific form for the utility function. Optimal cities are characterized and compared to those emerging from the majority voting equilibria. Models where aggregate land rent is divided equally among the urban residents are also developed. 相似文献
98.
Jan Narveson 《Journal of Business Ethics》2003,46(3):201-212
The argument of the "Invisible Hand" is that the system of free enterprise benefits society in general even though it is not the aim of any particular economic agent to do that. This article proposes an analysis of why this is so. The key is that the morality of the market forbids only force and fraud; it does not require people to do good to others. Nevertheless, when all transactions are voluntary to both parties, that is exactly what we can expect to happen. This is both because the sum of the benefits of innumerable transactions, which are beneficial to both parties, is very great, but also and especially because of Positive Externalities. People use the particular products and services they get in market exchanges in ways that benefit others in ways not at all foreseen by the agents to those transactions at the time. These externalities range from the benefits of invention and ingenuity to the exercise of charity and philanthropy, all of which flourish in developed capitalist societies. 相似文献
99.
Pistor Katharina; Keinan Yoram; Kleinheisterkamp Jan; West Mark D. 《World Bank Research Observer》2003,18(1):89-112
The pattern of legal change in countries that have their legalsystems transplanted from abroad differs markedly from countriesthat develop their own systems, irrespective of the legal familyfrom which their laws come. In "transplant" countries, law oftenstagnates for long periods of time; when change takes place,it tends to be radical, if not erratic. External models remaindominant even years after the law was transplanted. Althoughthere is some evidence that transplant countries have engagedin comprehensive legal reforms in response to the pressuresof globalization, it is still too early to judge whether thesenew changes can be taken as a sign that the legal systems inthese countries have started a process of endogenous legal evolution. 相似文献
100.
Schumpeter and the revival of evolutionary economics: an appraisal of the literature 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Jan Fagerberg 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2003,13(2):125-159
During the last two decades we have seen a revival of interest in the works of Joseph Schumpeter and “evolutionary” ideas
in economics more generally. A professional society honouring Schumpeter's name has been founded, and linked to it we have
had for more than fifteen years now a professional journal devoted to this stream of thought. However, it has been argued
that, despite these developments, the link between Schumpeter's own work and the more recent contributions to evolutionary
economics is in fact rather weak. This paper considers this claim. Based on an analysis of Schumpeter's contribution to economics
the paper presents an overview and assessment of the more recent literature in this area. It is argued that although there
are important differences between Schumpeter's work and some of the more recent contributions, there nevertheless remains
a strong common core that clearly distinguishes the evolutionary stream from other approaches (such as, for instance, so-called
“new growth theory”).
RID="*"
ID="*" Many people have contributed to this paper in various ways. Jon Hekland at the Norwegian Research Council started it
all by asking me to make an overview of the contribution from “evolutionary economics” to our understanding of contemporary
economies. Several people helped me on the way by supplying written material, comments and suggestions, and I am indebted
to all of them. Brian Arthur, Stan Metcalfe, Keith Pavitt, Erik Reinert, Paolo Saviotti and Bart Verspagen may be particularly
mentioned. A preliminary version was presented at the conference “Industrial R&D and Innovation Policy Learning – Evolutionary
Perspectives and New Methods for Impact Assessment” organised by the Norwegian Research Council (“SAKI”) at Leangkollen, Asker,
April 18–19.2002. I wish to thank the discussant, Tor Jakob Klette, and the participants at the conference for useful feedback.
Moreover I have benefited from comments and suggestions from the editors and referees of this journal. The final responsibility
is mine, however. Economic support from the Norwegian Research Council (“SAKI”) is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献