Differential response of U.S. import prices and quantities to exchange-rate adjustments

Zusammenfassung Unterschiedliche Reaktionen der amerikanischen Importpreise und-mengen auf Wechselkursanpassungen. - Dieser Aufsatz stellt einen ersten Versuch dar, für verschiedene Industrien die Wirkung von Wechselkurs?nderungen auf Preise und Mengen der Importgüter zu analysieren. Es werden Theoreme auf dem Gebiet der Industrieorganisation und des internationalen Handels herangezogen, wenn untersucht wird, welchen Einflu? branchenspezifische Besonderheiten auf die von Industriezweig zu Industriezweig unterschiedlichen wechselkursbedingten Preis- und Mengenreaktionen haben. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, da? solche Besonderheiten tats?chlich das Ausma? beeinflussen, in dem sich Wechselkursbewegungen in Ver?nderungen der Dollarpreise ausl?ndischer Güter niederschlagen. Sie deuten au?erdem darauf hin, da? die Art dieses Einflusses von Land zu Land und je nach Richtung der Dollarkursschwankungen unterschiedlich ist.

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Résumé Réponse différentielle des prix et quantités des importations des E.U. aux ajustements des taux de change. - Cette étude est la première qui essaie d’analyser pour les branches de l’industrie l’effet des changements de taux de change sur les prix et les quantités des biens commercés. Basée sur des théorèmes de l’organisation industrielle et de la théorie du commerce international, elle examine l’effet des caractéristiques des branches industrielles sur les réponses différentielles de prix et de quantité des importations des E.U. aux mouvements des taux de change. Les résultats suggèrent que les caractéristiques des branches influencent la mesure avec laquelle les mouvements des taux de change sont transmis aux changements en prix dollar des biens étrangers. Les auteurs aussi concluent que cette influence varie selon les pays et la direction du mouvement du dollar.

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Resumen La respuesta diferenciada del precio y la cantidad de las importaciones de los EE UU a ajustes en la tasa de cambio. - Este trabajo représenta un primer intento de realizar un analisis del efecto de ajustes en la tasa de cambio sobre los precios y las cantidades de los bienes négociables a nivel de ramas industriales. Se basa en la teoría de la organización industrial y en la del comercio internacional al examinar el impacto de las características de las industrias sobre las respuestas diferenciadas del precio y la cantidad de las importaciones de los EE UU a movimientos en la tasa de cambio. Los resultados sugieren que las características de las industrias influencian la medida en la cual los movimientos de la tasa de cambio son transmitidos a los precios en dólares de los bienes extranjeros. Los resultados también sugieren que esa influencia varía de país a país y al cambiar el sentido de los movimientos del dólar.

     

True vendor loyalty or simply repeat purchase behavior?

Local customers—usually defined as those who tend to concentrate their purchases within one or a limited number of brands or stores—have long been of major interest to marketing practitioners and academicians. In organizational purchasing literature, however, little attention has been focused on this important dimension of buyer behavior. The purpose of this article is to underscore the importance of the loyal customer, to distinguish between simple repeat purchasing and true loyalty, and to examine the reasons for such consistent purchase behavior.     

Measuring discretionary accruals: are ROA-matched models better than the original Jones-type models?

Discretionary accruals estimated from Jones-type models are elevated or depressed for firms with extreme performance. Kothari et al. (J Acc Econ 39:163–197, 2005) propose performance matching to address the issue, that is, to difference discretionary accruals estimated from Jones-type models for treatment and control firms matched on current ROA. This study shows (1) performance matching will systematically cause discretionary accruals of either sign to be underestimated, and (2) the measurement error will be negatively correlated with the true discretionary accruals. As a result, using discretionary accruals estimated with performance matching to test whether certain events induce earnings management will increase the frequency of Type II errors, and using them as the dependent or an independent variable in regression analysis will bias the regression coefficient toward zero. The results of our empirical tests are consistent with these predictions.     

成功并购的四步流程

成功摆脱并购的危险困境,正逐渐成为进军亚太金融服务利基市场的全新课题我们与客户一起工作时发现,成功的并购交易, 在甄别、评估和整合潜在目标公司以显著增加成功机会方面,都遵守四步流程。     

The TUC’s Organising Academy: an assessment

In 1998 the British Trades Union Congress established an Organising Academy to train a new generation of paid union organisers. This article reviews the first two years of the Academy and offers an initial evaluation. It seeks to gauge whether the initiative has prompted innovation in organision policy in unions and led to successful organising outcomes.     

Values,institutions and the rise of Eastern Europe

We study the convergence of output per capita in a sample of 37 European countries to the German real GDP per capita level during the period 1999–2014 with the aim of testing whether the speed of convergence is uniform or depends on institutions, such as membership of the European Union, the euro, or values. The results suggest that the post‐communist economies are converging more rapidly than other countries in the sample and more so the closer they are integrated into the European Union. Moreover, we find that certain values are conducive to the catching up process and that it has generated increased job satisfaction and male labour force participation.     

Customer positivity and participation in services: an empirical test in a health care context

Many service interactions require customers to actively participate, yet customers often do not participate at levels that optimize their outcomes, particularly in health care. To gain insight into how customers shape a service experience with highly uncertain outcomes, we construct a model on the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. The model is used to empirically assess how situation-specific emotions and customer participation during a health care service experience affect perceptions of the service provider. The model is tested using data from 190 medical clinic customers. Consistent with theory, results reveal that as customers’ relative affect levels become more positive, levels of participation increase as well. In turn, higher levels of positivity and participation improve customer perceptions of the quality of the service provider and satisfaction with the co-produced service experience. Implications of this research focus managers on designing services to help clients manage their emotions in ways that facilitate positivity and participation and thus improve service perceptions.