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排序方式: 共有462条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
41.
Jay Mitchell Eric A. DeVuyst Marc L. Bauer Daniel L. Larson 《Agricultural Economics》2009,40(1):113-118
Profitability of cow-calf production is determined largely by market prices, calf weaning weights, and cow productive life. While producers individually have no effect on prices, weaning weights and productive life have genetic influences and hence can be altered by selection programs implemented by producers. We investigate the impact of a mutation in the leptin gene (exon 2; single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] 305) on cow-calf profitability. Prior research shows that this mutation has effects on performance and traits of fed cattle and milk production in dairy cows. Using data from a teaching-research herd, we find that it is also associated with calf weaning weights and cow productive life. A bio-economic stochastic simulation demonstrates that the mutation has statistically positive impacts on profits, suggesting that producers can profitably make use of this information. 相似文献
42.
43.
This article analyzes patent pools and their effects on litigation incentives, overall royalty rates, and social welfare when patent rights are probabilistic and can be invalidated in court. With probabilistic patents, the license fees reflect the strength of the patents. We show that patent pools of complementary patents can be used to discourage infringement by depriving potential licensees of the ability to selectively challenge patents and making them committed to a proposition of all‐or‐nothing in patent litigation. If patents are sufficiently weak, patent pools with complementary patents reduce social welfare as they charge higher licensing fees and chill subsequent innovation incentives. 相似文献
44.
45.
Alpesh Amin Yonghua Jing Jeffrey Trocio Jay Lin Melissa Lingohr-Smith John Graham 《Journal of medical economics》2014,17(11):763-770
Objective:This study evaluated differences in medical costs associated with clinical end-points from randomized clinical trials that compared the new oral anticoagulants (NOACs), dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, to standard therapy for treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE).Research design and methods:Event rates of efficacy and safety end-points from the clinical trials (RE-COVER, RE-COVER II, EINSTEIN-Pooled, AMPLIFY, Hokusai-VTE trial) were obtained from published literature. Incremental annual medical costs among patients with clinical events from a US payer perspective were obtained from the literature or healthcare claims databases and inflation adjusted to 2013 costs. Differences in total medical costs associated with clinical end-points for the NOACs vs standard therapy were then estimated. One-way and Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses were carried out.Results:A lower rate of major bleedings was associated with use of any of the NOACs vs standard therapy. Except for dabigatran, use of NOACs was also associated with a lower rate of recurrent VTE/death. As a result of the reduction in clinical event rates, the overall medical cost differences were ?$146, ?$482, ?$918, and ?$344 for VTE patients treated with dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, respectively, vs patients treated with standard therapy.Conclusions:When any of the four NOACs are used instead of standard therapy for acute VTE, treatment medical costs are reduced. Apixaban is associated with the greatest reduction in medical costs, which is driven by medical cost reductions associated with both efficacy and safety end-points. Further evaluation may be needed to validate these results in the real-world setting. 相似文献
46.
47.
We examine market reactions to publicly held multinational firms announcing their affiliation with the United Nations Global
Compact (UNGC). The UNGC is a voluntary initiative to support four areas of United Nations viz. Human Rights, Labor, Environmental,
and Anti-Corruption. Because firms must file annual Communication on Progress (COP) reports toward these initiatives, we argue
this creates a differentiating transparency of interest to stakeholders. Using a sample of 175 global firms, we find support
to the theory for joining the UNGC. Returns differ markedly, however, between multinational firms headquartered in the United
States (negative) and Europe (positive). We also find that failing to complete the annual COP generates a negative market
reaction. 相似文献
48.
Investor protection and price informativeness about future earnings: international evidence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study draws on the investor protection literature to identify structural factors in a country’s information environment
that are likely to explain cross-country differences in the extent to which future earnings information is capitalized in
current stock returns. Using a sample of 55,900 firm-years from 32 countries, we find that greater financial disclosure, higher
quality earnings, and greater information dissemination through news media are associated with stock prices that are more informative about future earnings, whereas strong enforcement of insider trading laws is associated with stock prices that
are less informative about future earnings. We also find that, on average, price informativeness about future earnings is greater
in countries with strong investor protection. Our results illuminate the importance of structural factors constituting a country’s
information environment in explaining cross-country variation in price informativeness about future earnings. 相似文献
49.
Martin Jay Gruber 《The Journal of Finance》1966,21(4):747-748
50.
THE COST OF THE U.S. SUGAR PROGRAM REVISITED 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John C. Beghin Barbara El Osta Jay R. Cherlow Samarendu Mohanty 《Contemporary economic policy》2003,21(1):106-116
The article analyzes the welfare cost of the U.S. sugar program using a multimarket model of U.S. sweetener markets. The latter includes raw crops, sugar extraction and refining, and sweetener users (food-processing industries and final consumers). The authors address the industrial organization of food industries using sweeteners and treat the United States as a large importer. With the removal of the program, this article estimates (all figures in 1999 dollars) that in 1998 cane growers, sugar beet growers, and processors would have lost $307, $650, and $89 million, respectively; sweetener users would have gained $1.9 billion. World prices would have increased by 13.2%. The deadweight loss of the program is estimated at $532 million. 相似文献