Budgeting and portfolio allocation for biosecurity measures

This paper presents a practical model for optimally allocating a budget across different biosecurity threats and measures (e.g. prevention or border quarantine, active surveillance for early detection, and containment and eradication measures) to ensure the highest rate of return. Our portfolio model differs from the common principle, which ranks alternative projects by their benefit cost ratios and picks the one that generates the highest average benefit cost ratio. The model we propose, instead, aims to allocate shares of the budget to the species where it is most cost‐effective, and consequently determine the optimal scale of the control program for each threat under varying budget constraints. The cost‐effectiveness of each block of budget spent on a threat is determined by minimising its expected total cost, including the damages it inflicts, and the control expenditures incurred in preventing or mitigating damages. As an illustration, the model is applied to the optimal allocation of a budget across four of Australia's most dangerous pests and diseases: red imported fire ants; foot‐and‐mouth disease; papaya fruit fly; and orange hawkweed. The model can readily be extended to consider more species and activities, and more complex settings including cases where detailed spatial and temporal information needs to be considered.     

入世5周年对我国工业制成品国际竞争力的影响分析

2006年12月11日,是我国加入世贸组织5周年纪念日。回望这5年,入世给我国的经济带来了深刻的影响,我国对外贸易快速增长,融入世界经济的步伐不断加快,使得我国企业参与到更加激烈的国际竞争中。本文利用最新的进出口数据,对我国工业制成品的国际竞争力在入世5周年后的现状以及与入世前相比发生了怎样的变化做了对比分析。结果表明,加入世贸组织促进了我国工业制成品国际竞争力的提升。     

银行信贷、市场竞争与企业资本配置效率

市场竞争影响企业资本配置效率,银行信贷对这一竞争机制有重要调节作用.根据2007-2019年中国上市公司数据建立了投资—投资机会敏感性模型,模型结果表明:第一,市场竞争有利于提升企业资本配置效率,宽松的信贷有利于市场竞争发挥正向调节作用;第二,银行信贷调节作用明显,银行信贷与股权治理机制为替代关系,与信息披露、管理层激...     

高新技术园区经济周期波动特征及成因分析

研究目标：探析高新技术园区经济周期波动特征并挖掘形成原因。研究方法：利用经验模态分解测算高新技术园区经济周期,并结合多元线性回归模型对周期特征和影响因子进行分析。研究发现：高新技术园区经济处于10年左右中周期长度,整体经济与周期影响因素的特征相似但不完全同步,一定程度存在协同性。总体而言,高新技术园区发展存在矛盾和经济周期有潜在波动的可能均源于协同水平的待提升。研究创新：运用经验模态分解测算中微观经济周期及协同性,并对经济周期波动及影响因素的联动性问题展开研究。研究价值：为提升经济协同性和保障经济运行稳定性提供有益的理论依据和政策启示。     

The Roles of Some Key Stakeholders in the Future of Accounting Education in Australia

This article explores the role of institutional and systemic leadership in changing higher education in accounting in Australia. In particular, it discusses the roles of the Australian Learning and Teaching Council, the Australian Business Deans' Council Teaching and Learning Network, and the professional accounting bodies in meeting the challenges confronting accounting education in the tertiary sector today and in the coming years. The intersection of these leadership roles is exemplified in an accounting discipline research project that explores the critical non-technical skills stakeholders require in graduate students and discusses stakeholders' roles and responsibilities in their development .     

Assurance of Sustainability Reports: Impact on Report Users' Confidence and Perceptions of Information Credibility

This study examines whether (1) assurance, (2) the level of assurance (reasonable vs limited) and (3) the type of assurance practitioner (accountant vs specialist consultant) affect users' perceptions of reliability of sustainability reports. Based on an experimental questionnaire, we find that the provision of assurance improves perceived reliability of the environmental and social information. There are no significant main effects for both the level of assurance and type of assurance practitioner. However, a significant interaction is found between these two experimental factors and report users' perceptions of reliability of such reports. More specifically, report users place more confidence in sustainability reports when the level of assurance provided is reasonable (that is, high but not absolute), and when such assurance is provided by a top tier accountancy firm, compared to when the assurance is provided by a specialist consultant. No such difference is found when the level of assurance provided is limited for either type of assurance practitioner group. The results of this study thus highlight the relevance of assurance for sustainability reporting.     

Labor tax reform, unemployment, and search

A key obstacle to reducing payroll taxes in many industrialized and transition countries is the direct revenue loss to the government that it implies. This paper studies a simple and practical labor tax reform of reducing a payroll tax and increasing a progressive wage tax that keeps the marginal tax wedge unchanged. Such a strategy increases employment, reduces the equilibrium unemployment rate, and increases public revenue as long as workers do not have all the bargaining power in wage negotiations. Moreover, welfare rises if workers’ bargaining power is sufficiently large to exceed a critical value determined by the second-best Hosios condition.      

人民币国际化的路径依赖和模式安排

人民币国际化已进入初级阶段,并呈现钞结算和银行渠道结算并举、经常账户和资本账户同步推进、人民币国际化与人民币可兑换同步推进、市场推动和制度安排相结合四大特点,有别于全球主要货币国际化路径.从自身特点出发,在人民币境外需求和自由兑换方面局限性双重因素作用下,推进人民币国际化在下一阶段应采取"强制度"模式.当前,应将推行人民币国际贸易计价结算作为人民币国际化切入点,完善制度设计和安排,真正实现人民币国际化阶段性突破.     

工艺创新的两种驱动模型及其实证分析

从工艺创新的涵义和企业的实际运作出发,提出了工艺创新的两种驱动模型,讨论了模型的适用范围和产出效益.同时,以东风汽车公司合资前后有关工艺创新问题为实例,对工艺创新的两种驱动模型进行了实证分析.     

论华中物流中心建设对武汉制造业的支撑作用

武汉建设现代制造业基地,必须高度重视现代物流业的重要支撑作用,率先实施制造业的物流再造,营造物流服务体系新优势,并制定武汉现代物流业发展规划;加快构建华中地区对外交通运输网络;统筹构建物流园区、物流信息交易、物流政策支撑三大平台。