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141.
In this paper determinants of information systems (IS) outsourcing are deduced from transaction cost economic theory, resource-based theory and power theory. They are summarized in a theoretical framework which is tested using a sample of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Germany. The results show that internal performance and know-how deficits vis-à-vis external service providers are key determinants that explain why different IS functions are outsourced to varying degrees in SMEs. Moreover, the determinants of IS functions were found to partially differ between IS functions. Revised reprint of an article from WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK 43(4)2001:339–350.
Armin Heinzl (Corresponding author)Email:
  相似文献   
142.
也许对于所有的工业化国家来说,公司治理问题都是一个热点讨论问题。具体到学术圈和商业圈,讨论的焦点主要落在如何能够提高董事会对公司经理监管的政策和程序上,目前关于全球公司治理观点的主要分歧是公司的基本目标。除了该问题本身的复杂性之外,分歧的原因主要在于讨论的结果可能影响到各个观点冲突方的自身利益。  相似文献   
143.
In this paper, we generalize recursive utility to include lifetime uncertainty and utility from bequest. The generalization applies to discrete-time as well as continuous-time recursive utility, and it is an important step forward in the development of recursive utility. We formalize the problem of optimal consumption, investment, and life insurance choice under recursive utility, and we state a verification theorem with a generalized Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. Our generalization of recursive utility allows us to study optimal consumption, investment, and life insurance choice under separation of (market) risk aversion, elasticity of inter-temporal substitution, and elasticity of substitution between bequest and future utility. The separation gives rise to hump-shaped consumption patterns as observed in realized consumption.  相似文献   
144.
The sheer numbers are impressive:since it opened its doors for the very first time in January 2003,Berlin Fashion show has experienced steady growth.Berlin Fashion week from July 8th to14th was another milestone in this range of growths figures:More than 200,000professional visitors were attracted by over 200 events, 100 of which were fashion shows.  相似文献   
145.
A series of seminal papers argues that poaching hampers company‐sponsored general training. Empirically, however, the existence and extent of poaching remain open questions. We provide a novel empirical strategy to identify poaching. We find that only few apprenticeship training firms in Germany are ‘poaching victims’ or ‘poaching raiders’. Victims are more likely to be in a temporary downturn and raiders are more likely to be growing. Victims hardly change their training strategy after poaching and poaching seems be a transitory event. This is an important result for countries that intend to introduce apprenticeship‐type training and need to convince firms to participate in training.  相似文献   
146.
Unions are an important indicator of various measures of firm performance in Anglo‐Saxon countries. The same is true for the German analogue of the workplace union, the works council. Using German establishment data, I examine the impact of works councils on further training. I employ pooled logit and count‐data models to analyse the further training activity and intensity of German firms. Because the treatment variable may suffer from endogeneity, I also adopt linear and nonlinear instrumental variable techniques. The analysis reveals a positive impact of works councils on firm‐provided training and provides slightly weaker evidence for firm‐size differentials in workplace representation. I conclude that enhanced management–employee relations foster the training efforts of firms.  相似文献   
147.
148.
Fundraisers have turned their attention to minority communities as potential resources despite the fact that minority communities are both underserved by and underrepresented in nonprofit organizations. This paper argues that the current approach to minority fundraising, which uses broad racial categories, is limiting. Minority fundraising practice and research face three distinct challenges (racial categorization, socially constructed markets, and privilege) that can be addressed through a focus on language, specifically discourse analysis.  相似文献   
149.
The paper aims to show how licensing behaviour can be used to differentiate distinct innovation strategies. Information on in-licensing and out-licensing agreements is used to guide the development of a framework that details the licensing firm’s relational preference for internal and external orientation. Using firm-level data of the Korean pharmaceutical firms, the study categorised the distinct strategic orientations of firms based on the proposed matrix model. The results indicated that firms with higher R&D (research and development) expenditures have a tendency to greater external exploitation of technological knowledge than firms with low R&D spending. The study provides potential avenues for targeting of licensing partners from the perspective of firms seeking to in-license or out-license their innovations.  相似文献   
150.
ABSTRACT

Care of older adults, including meal service to home-dwelling individuals is under pressure for improving its resource utilization. There is concern for potential meal quality impacts of this development – and subsequently for the users’ food intake and nutritional status. The objective of the study is to examine the municipalities’ additional costs of initiatives to improve quality in the supply of meal services for the home-dwelling elderly. An economic optimization model was developed and used to determine the cost-minimizing meal production scheme under alternative specifications regarding production methods, ingredient sourcing, composition of dishes, menu variation, and delivery frequency for each municipality in Denmark, while taking heterogeneity of users into account. Alternative modifications to the quality standards within these dimensions have been analyzed. Results suggest that except for higher delivery frequency, the additional costs of the considered quality improvements are modest (1–5% of the current cost), whereas daily delivery would increase the cost by 10–15% in several municipalities. Despite relatively low additional costs, Danish municipalities may lack the economic incentive to undertake such quality improvements, because the additional costs cannot be passed on to the users; thus, municipalities will need to finance these costs by savings on other municipal services.  相似文献   
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