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51.
现代集装箱码头很多作业已经实现了自动化或半自动化,但码头理货和闸口工作人员仍要用无线手提终端机人工输入集装箱信息。本文研究了使用条码技术(39条码和PDF417码)对集装箱信息进行编码。运用了文本压缩技术,将包含集装箱信息的PDF417码压缩为5行二维条码。通过将集装箱信息的条码化,并借助市场上已有的无线条码数据采集器扫描条码,可以实现码头理货和闸口工作人员录入数据的自动化,降低工作强度,提高生产效率。 相似文献
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Shortfall aversion reflects the higher utility loss of spending cuts from a reference than the utility gain from similar spending increases. Inspired by Prospect Theory's loss aversion and the peak‐end rule, this paper posits a model of utility from spending scaled by past peak spending. In contrast to traditional models, which call for spending rates proportional to wealth, the optimal policy in this model implies a constant spending rate equal to the historical peak when wealth is relatively large. The spending rate increases when wealth reaches a model‐determined multiple of peak spending. In 1926–2015, shortfall‐averse spending is smooth and typically increasing. 相似文献
54.
Never selling stocks is optimal for investors with a long horizon and a realistic range of preference and market parameters, if relative risk aversion, investment opportunities, proportional transaction costs, and dividend yields are constant. Such investors should buy stocks when their portfolio weight is too low and otherwise hold them, letting dividends rebalance to cash over time rather than selling. With capital gains taxes, this policy outperforms both static buy‐and‐hold and dynamic rebalancing strategies that account for transaction costs. Selling stocks becomes optimal if either their target weight is low or intermediate consumption is substantial. 相似文献
55.
While voices in the comparative urbanism literature call for researchers to approach comparison with more experimental and critical methodologies, there remains no consensus on how to design and realize these studies. This essay examines the implications of comparative urbanism for researching the ‘Asian City'. Given the critique of existing modes of comparison embedded in recent calls for a new comparative urbanism, researchers are faced with a number of pressing questions: How do we approach this ‘regional' topic in a way that both resists categorizing the ‘Asian City' as an exotic ‘other', elevating it onto a mythical pedestal, yet appreciates its differences, localisms and unique ‘cosmopolitan vernacular' (Clifford, 1997; Werbner and Modood, 1997)? This essay thus highlights the multiple challenges of applying the comparative lens to the ‘Asian City', arguing that broader conceptualizations of the ‘Asian City' help to address the dangers in isolating Asian research into its own canon of parochial urban theory and offering a greater diversity of possibilities for justifying case selection in comparative approaches. In doing so, we hope that this essay responds to the comparative turn by illuminating to some extent its inherent complexity and methodological challenges. 相似文献
56.
Journal of Business Ethics - In this study, we draw on moral cleansing theory to investigate the consequence of unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) from the perspective of the actors.... 相似文献
57.
René Kirkegaard 《The Rand journal of economics》2020,51(2):589-612
The canonical moral hazard model is extended to allow the agent to face endogenous and noncontractible uncertainty. The agent works for the principal and simultaneously pursues outside rewards. The contract offered by the principal thus manipulates the agent's work–life balance. The participation constraint is slack whenever it is optimal to distort the agent's work–life balance away from life compared to a symmetric-information benchmark. Then, the agent's expected utility is high and he faces flatter incentives. Such contracts may be optimal when the two activities are strong substitutes in the agent's cost function or when reservation utility is low. 相似文献
58.
基于行为经济学和交易成本理论构建了数字支付影响农户消费的理论框架.利用2017~2018年的2761份微观调研数据,借助ESR模型和IVQR模型研究了数字支付对全样本农户消费的影响以及对不同消费水平农户影响的差异.结果表明,数字支付能显著提高农户的消费支出,且消费效应对不同消费水平农户有显著差异;数字支付对低消费水平农户的消费效应呈倒"U"型分布,随着消费水平的提升,数字支付产生的消费效应总体呈上升趋势;在数字支付使用频率方面,偶尔使用数字支付就能显著改善农户的消费情况,频繁使用数字支付所带来的消费增长幅度更为明显.基于此,建议通过普及数字金融知识、丰富数字支付渠道等措施,激发农村消费潜力,助力宏观经济高质量发展. 相似文献
59.
基于高阶梯队等理论,从高层管理团队异质性等要素整合分析视角切入,在探讨高层管理团队驱动企业绿色绩效作用机制的基础上,尝试构建差异化CEO领导风格调节下高管团队(TMT)异质性、团队冲突与企业绿色绩效的理论模型;通过层次回归分析、Bootstrap等方法实证检验异质性高层管理团队的作用机理和边界。研究结果显示:①TMT异质性、任务冲突能显著提升企业绿色绩效,且任务冲突在TMT异质性与企业绿色绩效的关系中起部分中介效应,而关系冲突显著降低企业绿色绩效。多元化构成的高层管理团队拥有更多差异化思想,这些观点通过高层管理团队成员不断分析整合后作用于绿色绩效,而成员间“对人不对事”的关系冲突会弱化该过程,进而对绿色绩效产生负向影响;②变革型CEO领导风格负向调节任务冲突与企业绿色绩效的关系,表明CEO适度简政放权,指导、关怀和保障高管团队成员充分表达观点非常重要。交易型CEO领导风格负向调节关系冲突与企业绿色绩效的关系,说明CEO通过奖惩激励,降低高层管理团队情绪冲突,提升团队凝聚,是推动绿色转型的重要举措。 相似文献
60.
Gail Whiteman D. René de Vos F. Stuart Chapin III Vesa Yli‐Pelkonen Jari Niemelä Bruce C. Forbes 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2011,20(4):251-265
Cities are key drivers of global climate change, with the majority of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions being tied to urban life. Local actions to mitigate and adapt to climate change are essential for stabilization of the global climate and can also help to address other urban ecological problems such as pollution, decreasing biodiversity, etc. Companies are important urban actors in the development of low‐carbon cities because they provide a multitude of goods and services to city populations and directly influence urban carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This is a new area of research. While studies on corporate sustainability are numerous, there is little, if any, existing research that examines the role of companies in climate change adaptation and mitigation within specific urban areas. Urban ecologists also have not examined how corporate activity affects urban systems. Taking a multi‐disciplinary systems approach, we present a conceptual model of the role of companies in managing urban interactions with the climate system. We also present empirical findings illustrating how one company ‘partners’ with the city of Rotterdam to test electric vehicles as a pilot project for urban climate adaptation and mitigation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献