美国经验对优化我国农村创业融资环境的启示

我国农村地区掀起了一轮新的创新创业的热潮,但融资难严重制约了农村创业企业的数量和质量发展.美国自20世纪60年代开始致力于中小企业发展的若干做法,特别是改善中小企业融资困境的经验非常值得我们学习和借鉴.因此,应建立健全有利于农村创业融资的法律法规,大力发展农村金融机构,加快金融创新步伐,进一步完善中小企业信用担保体系,明确政府职责,充分发挥市场机制的作用.     

多菌种混合发酵制备活菌型荸荠汁的关键技术

以荸荠为原料,利用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合菌种对荸荠汁进行乳酸菌发酵,制备活菌型荸荠汁饮料。通过单因素实验和正交实验对荸荠护色、糖化、发酵工艺和配方进行了优化。研究表明:荸荠漂烫最佳工艺为时间80 s、温度70℃、柠檬酸浓度0.5%;荸荠糖化最佳工艺为时间80 min、温度70℃、酶量30 U/m L、pH7;荸荠发酵最佳工艺为时间30 h、温度42℃、接种量5%、乳清粉添加量6%;配方为每100 g荸荠汁乳酸菌发酵液添加8 g白砂糖、0.5 g柠檬酸钠、0.02 g黄原胶。     

Indirect Taxes in Oligopoly in Presence of Licensing Opportunities

This paper considers the relative efficiency of unit tax and ad valorem tax in a Cournot duopoly market in the presence of licensing opportunities after the announcement of the tax rates by the government. In case of fixed-fee licensing, if the unit cost difference of the firms is low and tax revenue of the government is high, then unit tax is more efficient than the ad valorem tax. If tax revenue of the government is low, then ad valorem tax is more efficient than unit tax. Ad valorem tax is more efficient than unit tax in the case of royalty licensing.     

How psychological contracts motivate employer-brand patronage

Research on employees’ purchase of their employer’s product is scarce. In this paper, we investigate how psychological contracts will impact employees’ purchase motivations of their employer brand. Two studies examining real and imagined purchase behaviors show that employees with relational type of psychological contracts are more likely to purchase their employer brand than are employees with transactional type of psychological contracts. This is because the former type of psychological contracts will encourage both intrinsic and extrinsic motives to support the employer brand.     

Border Effects Before and After 9/11: Panel Data Evidence Across Industries

The paper builds a unique industry‐level panel data set to estimate the border effects associated with US–Canada trade for each year from 1992 to 2005. We first establish the theoretical foundation of our empirical model as a multisector version of Anderson and van Wincoop. Estimates from data aggregated at the province/state level yield border effects that increase slightly in the early 1990s, then decline after the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), but then increase significantly after 2001. Results based on three‐digit NAICS level data reveal higher border effects in the early 1990s and substantial heterogeneity across industries. The results are robust to a variety of specifications and models, and they suggest that the security measures adopted in the aftermath of the tragic events of 11 September 2001 had considerable adverse effects on US–Canada trade.     

浅谈图书馆电子阅览室的创新管理

近几年来,随着我国科学技术发展脚步的不断加快,越来越多的先进设备被应用到图书馆电子阅览室中,在增加阅览室服务功能的基础上,也给图书馆电子阅览室的管理带来了挑战。这里主要对我国目前图书馆电子阅览室管理中存在的问题进行分析,并在此基础上结合电子阅览室的发展前景,提出对图书馆电子阅览室管理的改善建设,以此来将图书馆电子阅览室的作用最大限度的发挥出来。     

Does Local Competition Impact Interest Rates Charged on Small Business Loans? Empirical Evidence from Canada

Using a unique survey database of Canadian small business loans,we find a negative and statistically significant relation between the number of localcompetitors and small business loan rates. This result is robust to the presence of a wide varietyof covariates intended to proxy the effects of both loan specific details and individualcharacteristics. These findings further suggest that the local markets definition applied to small businessloans is still relevant, despite recent technological innovation such as internet banking.     

我国股权众筹的法律风险与规制路径——基于498份裁判文书的实证分析

司法实践中,股权众筹在刑事领域易涉嫌非法吸收公众存款罪、诈骗类犯罪和组织、领导传销活动罪;在民商事领域存在欺诈风险、信息不对称风险、股份代持风险、平台风险和投资者退出风险。我国股权众筹规范效力位阶低,内容多指引,实质规定较少,整治方案并非长效机制,新修订的《中华人民共和国证券法》(简称新《证券法》)仍在原有规制逻辑和体系之内。分业监管造成股权众筹监管空白,监管主体亦不明确。司法规制方面,能动司法不足,既有民事责任追究机制在防控风险方面存在局限,金融纠纷的特别程序法制度缺位,股权众筹私人治理的功能优势无法发挥。因此,应确立公募股权众筹豁免制度,修正私募规制体系,建立私募股权众筹制度,并建构股权众筹投资者、融资者、平台的规制制度。