Theory of the firm in relation to exchange rates,import substitution and export

Neoclassical theory deals with the profit maximizing beheviour of the firm in a closed economy. Once an open-economy condition is introduced, the impact of the exchange rate on the cost and price parameters of the firm and, consequently, its import substitution and export decisions becomes relevant. A model is presented with case studies in which, given the exchange rate, the firm seeks to determine the optimal level of import substitution, output and export with the objective of maximizing its profit. In today's competitive world when countries are liberalizing and moving towards an open trade regime, the influence of exchange rates on the decision-making processes of firms is bound to be significant. An approach which provides them with a methodology for spelling out their options and making optimal choices is, therefore, of considerable practical interest.     

军事物流系统决策问题求解的综合集成方法

从军事物流系统特性的角度提出并论证了军事物流系统是开放的复杂性巨系统,并指出要用综合集成的方法解决军事物流系统决策问题,对军事物流复杂系统综合集成研讨厅的构成结构进行了研究,并探讨了解决军事物流系统决策问题的理论框架.     

Corporate borrowing and profitability in India

This paper examines effects of different types of corporate borrowing on firm profitability in India. We show that in contrast to the conventional thinking on the importance of monitored debt in determining firm performance, what matters more is arm's‐length lending in the form of fixed deposits in influencing firm profitability. We argue that the strategic implications of fixed deposits can be mainly attributed to the fact that they are both unsecured and privately held, which make the creditors associated with this type of debt the most likely to monitor firms' performance. The results suggest that debt structure matters, and it is important to take into account institutional differences and the heterogeneity of debt in the analysis of capital structure on firm performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于财政职能理论的反思

中国财政职能理论经历了作用观、功能观和职责观等三个发展阶段。这既与财政职能范畴的特殊性有关,也与财政所处宏观环境及职能实现方式有直接联系。研究财政职能问题应注意职责和功能两个层次,通过纵向分析把握财政的功能,通过横向分析把握财政的职责,使抽象的功能体现为具体的职责,实现职责和功能的统一。西方财政职能理论和中国传统财政职能理论各有得失。一般意义上的财政职能体现为满足社会公共需要,在市场经济条件下则体现为矫正市场失灵。     

Incenting managers toward the triple bottom line: An agency and social norm perspective

Research to date has identified CEO pay structure as an important factor in the environmental and social performance of the organization but has not considered how pay may influence these sustainability efforts at the middle‐management level. We address this void with an experimental manipulation of direct and indirect pay incentives for an environmental sustainability project and production cost savings project. Counter to our predictions, investment in sustainability versus cost savings is significantly lower when incentives for both projects are equivalent, and investment is only comparable when incentives for the sustainability project are superior. Further investigation using qualitative data attributes this to differences in the salient social norms that individuals hold and an apparent undervaluing of the indirect incentive derived through sustainability's contribution to cost savings. The results shed light on primary ways in which human resource management practices may be used to embed support for sustainability initiatives throughout the organization.     

构建财政理论体系应从分析人的本质入手

马克思的抽象法对构建财政理论体系的启示是必须寻找整个理论体系的核心基础概念.我国财政理论界所选择的核心基础概念并不准确.这一包含制约财政演变过程的基本矛盾萌芽的核心基础概念应该是人的本质.     

战后日本经济变动的新古典分析

任何一个经济体系在长期内的波动都会受到该经济体系内部与外部因素的影响--日本经济也不例外.在新古典增长理论框架内,利用哈罗德中性C-D生产函数分析日本战后的经济增长,认为劳动、资本以及技术是驱动或制约日本经济的主要内因.然而在不同的经济发展阶段,三种因素的驱动作用不尽相同.     

基于数据包络分析(DEA)的区域科技竞争力研究——以中部崛起中的安徽为例

本文运用投入产出型的数据包络分析(DEA)方法试图对中部崛起中的安徽省科技竞争力进行分析研究,并针对存在的问题,提出提高安徽省在中部六省中的科技竞争力的政策建议。