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61.
Robin Naidoo Greg Stuart-Hill L. Chris Weaver Jo Tagg Anna Davis Andee Davidson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,48(2):321-335
There exist few quantitative assessments of the relationship between biodiversity per se and economic benefits at scales that are relevant for conservation. Similarly, the merits of Community-Based Natural Resource
Management programs for both wildlife and people are contested. Here, we harness two databases, on wildlife surveys and financial
benefits, to address these issues for communal conservancies in northwest Namibia. We use ordination methods to characterize
the diversity and stability of large wildlife assemblages on conservancies, and demonstrate that diversity (but not stability)
is an important explanator of conservancy financial benefits. Our results indicate that for this area of Namibia, biodiversity,
as represented by large wildlife assemblages, has an important, positive effect on the tangible financial benefits that people
derive from conservation programs. 相似文献
62.
This study investigates the effects of internal and external corporate governance and monitoring mechanisms on the choice
of corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement and the value of firms engaging in CSR activities. The study finds the
CSR choice is positively associated with the internal and external corporate governance and monitoring mechanisms, including
board leadership, board independence, institutional ownership, analyst following, and anti- takeover provisions, after controlling
for various firm characteristics. After correcting for endogeneity and simultaneity issues, the results show that CSR engagement
positively influences firm value measured by industry-adjusted Tobin’s q. We find that the impact of analyst following for
firms that engage in CSR on firm value is strongly positive, while the board leadership, board independence, blockholders’
ownership, and institutional ownership play a relatively weaker role in enhancing firm value. Furthermore, we find that CSR
activities that address internal social enhancement within the firm, such as employees diversity, firm relationship with its
employees, and product quality, enhance the value of firm more than other CSR subcategories for broader external social enhancement
such as community relation and environmental concerns. 相似文献
63.
In this paper we address the problem of information overload in synchronous group work: the large quantity of information, multiple information sources, and the need to sustain reciprocal interdependence have a negative impact on the capacity to attend to the group. We propose a group attention model characterizing the dynamic coupling between the group members and the mediating technology. Based on that model, we developed a compensation mechanism capable to estimate the most adequate time to raise the users?? attention to the group. We describe how this compensation mechanism was applied to synchronous brainstorming and present results from a laboratory experiment. The obtained results indicate that groups using the compensation mechanism produced 9.6% more ideas when compared to the control groups. A detailed post-hoc analysis of the data obtained in the experiment also indicates that users using the compensation mechanism had 7.5 s of extra uninterrupted time to think about and type an idea, which they began to write 6.4 s sooner, and completed in 4.2 s less time. 相似文献
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This paper proposes a nonparametric procedure to estimate market power for first‐price auction data and applies the procedure to cattle procurement markets. Most previous studies have used parametric methods, which require specific functional forms for retail demand, input supply and processors’ cost equations. However, researchers often find that market power estimates from parametric methods are sensitive to the choice of functional forms and specifications. An application to data from cattle procurement experiments shows that our nonparametric approach greatly outperforms commonly used parametric methods in estimating the degree of market power. While parametric estimates are sensitive to functional form specification and are at least 90% smaller than ‘true’ market power indices, estimates from our nonparametric procedure deviate from the actual value by no more than 25%. 相似文献
67.
Paul Elhorst Maria Abreu Pedro Amaral Arnab Bhattacharjee Luisa Corrado Justin Doran 《Spatial Economic Analysis》2017,12(4):347-352
Raising the bar (6). Spatial Economic Analysis. This editorial summarizes and comments on the papers published in issue 12(4) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper addresses the question of whether ‘jobs follow people’ or ‘people follow jobs’. The second paper develops a new methodology to determine functional regions. The third paper is a major contribution to the growing literature on new modelling approaches and applications of disaster impact models. The fourth paper focuses on the costs and benefits of higher education. The fifth paper develops a two-step procedure to identify endogenously spatial regimes in the first step using geographically weighted regression, and to account for spatial dependence in the second step. Finally, the sixth paper estimates a dynamic spatial panel data model to explain house prices and to show that restricted housing supply in the city of Cambridge, UK, has some undesirable labour market effects. 相似文献
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69.
Jože Damijan Črt Kostevc 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2017,26(5):585-611
Using a large sample of micro data from four waves of Community Innovation Survey for EU member states, we investigate the relationship between firms’ export status and different sorts of innovation activities. We find systematically positive relationship between the two, whereby the strongest correlation is found in case of product innovation and the weakest in case of organizational innovations. While aggregate data show that innovation success is increasing in firm size, we find that exporting has the strongest effect on innovation in the medium-sized firms. We also explore cross-country differences in the impact of export status on innovation. Countries with a higher share of exports in GDP and greater share of spending on research and development generally display a stronger correlation between exporting status and innovation. 相似文献
70.
Itzhak Gnizy John W. Cadogan João S. Oliveira Asmat Nizam 《International Business Review》2017,26(2):239-249
Practitioners and scholars point out that firms are increasingly dispersing their capabilities across organizational functions. However, it is not clear whether all forms of dispersion, of any function, result in the same consequences. This study initiates investigation into the link between the cross-functional dispersion of influence on export marketing decisions (export dispersion) and export performance. Drawing on data from a sample of 225 UK exporters, the findings support the argument that active participation of non-export functions in export-marketing decisions affects export success. However, those performance consequences are dependent on internal and external contingencies. Export dispersion is beneficial for export performance when the export customer environment is more turbulent and, simultaneously, the export technological environment is more stable and the firm has lower levels of export information sharing. In all other scenarios examined in this study, greater levels of concentration of export decision-making (i.e. lower levels of export dispersion) appear to be more beneficial for export performance. Our findings imply that the management of the firm’s level of export dispersion is a complex task, whereby the degree of export dispersion pursued needs to match external environmental and internal firm factors. 相似文献