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31.
The current trend back to municipal utilities (??remunicipalisation??) in the German energy system shows very different approaches and variants in the real cases. Converting the distribution network from privately-owned distribution companies to municipally-owned entities often forms the starting point of such restructuring processes. Ecological or regional development motivations are at the forefront of public debates. The authors emphasize the importance of energy economic aspects of this problem. Advantages and disadvantages of remunicipalisation projects depend strongly on the specific regional circumstances. Important factors are the potentials for cooperation and expansion of the business activities. Moreover, the price which has to be paid for taking over the network infrastructure has to be taken into account as the decisive parameter: The price for buying or renting the network and the possible revenues on the backdrop of incentive-based regulation define the economic viability for the municipality. Many of the often heard arguments pro remunicipalisation, such as the objective of decentralized energy supply, labour effects and municipal contributions to climate protection, do not fully convince in the end; as well the fiscal status of many municipalities in Germany is severe. Nonetheless remunicipalisation must not be rejected in general because there is no general proof for welfare losses resulting from these projects. In fact, it depends mainly on local influencing factors to what extent municipalities should be or become active in the field of energy supply. Among the most important aspects the preferences of the citizens, the environmental and political aims of the municipality (so far they are defined) and the available resources of the municipal decision making persons and bodies must be mentioned. However, in economic terms the leeway for the municipality remains restricted by the costs of operating the network and tariff regulation. 相似文献
32.
Joachim Schild 《Journal of Economic Policy Reform》2018,21(2):102-117
In the past, France and Germany were able to exercise leadership in history-making decisions in monetary cooperation, from the establishment of the EMS to EMU. In the case of Banking Union (BU), however, Germany and France turned out to be the main opponents with little common influence. Why could we not observe the familiar pattern of Franco-German co-leadership in building the BU? My explanation points to diverging views on the social purpose of a BU, the asymmetrical distribution of its costs and benefits for the two countries, highly prominent distributional conflicts and severe domestic constraints in Germany. These explanatory factors also account for the unfinished character of Banking Union. 相似文献
33.
Joachim Wagner 《Review of World Economics》2011,147(2):217-247
This paper uses unique new data for German manufacturing enterprises from matched regular surveys and a special purpose survey
to investigate the causal effect of relocation of activities to a foreign country on firm performance. Compared to non-offshoring
firms, firms that relocated activities were larger and more productive, and had a higher share of exports in total sales.
These differences existed the year before some firms started to relocate, and this points to self-selection of “better” firms
into offshoring. To investigate the causal effects of offshoring, six different variants of a matching approach are used.
Contrary to what is often argued we find no evidence for a large negative causal effect of offshoring on employment in Germany. 相似文献
34.
35.
This paper reports research on the influence of corporate and individual characteristics on managers' social orientation in Germany. The results indicate that mid-level managers expressed a significantly lower social orientation than low-level managers, and that job activity did not impact social orientation. Female respondents expressed a higher social orientation than male respondents. No impact of the political system origin (former East Germany versus former West Germany) on social orientation was shown. Overall, corporate position had a significantly higher impact on social orientation than did the characteristics of the individuals surveyed. 相似文献
36.
Gilles Angelsberg Freddy Delbaen Ivo Kaelin Michael Kupper Joachim Näf 《Finance and Stochastics》2011,15(2):343-363
We consider the class of law invariant convex risk measures with robust representation rh,p(X)=supfò01 [AV@Rs(X)f(s)-fp(s)h(s)] ds\rho_{h,p}(X)=\sup_{f}\int_{0}^{1} [AV@R_{s}(X)f(s)-f^{p}(s)h(s)]\,ds, where 1≤p<∞ and h is a positive and strictly decreasing function. The supremum is taken over the set of all Radon–Nikodym derivatives corresponding
to the set of all probability measures on (0,1] which are absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure. We provide
necessary and sufficient conditions for the position X such that ρ
h,p
(X) is real-valued and the supremum is attained. Using variational methods, an explicit formula for the maximizer is given.
We exhibit two examples of such risk measures and compare them to the average value at risk. 相似文献
37.
Money, Interest Rate Spreads, and Economic Activity. —Numerous empirical studies for industrial countries have shown that the term structure of interest rates is a good indicator for future output growth. This paper analyzes whether the interest rate spread contains any additional predictive power if the model includes the money stock. A multivariate error-correction framework is applied to three European economies — France, Germany, and Italy. Granger causality tests are performed for various monetary aggregates and the term structure. The evidence concerning the marginal information content is mixed: For France and Italy, the term structure does not improve the results of the basic model whereas it is significant for Germany. 相似文献
38.
Summary This paper starts off by describing the methodology of the compilation of the 1964 IO-table for Styria, which is conceptually fully consistent with the 1964 table for Austria. Basic definitions are given and some information is provided on the more important stages of the compilation of the table, such as estimation of a table in purchaser prices, conversion to producer prices, estimation of complete import matrices for interregional and international imports. The underlying philosophy in all these stages was to work on a very low level of aggregation (products, groups of products) in order to make use of all available detailed information and to overcome the problems arising from the lack of some basic information (e.g. shipments between regions).In the second part of the paper we present some empirical results derived from an analysis of the Styrian IO-table, Version C (only regional deliveries in the first two quadrants). This analysis shows a remarkably high regional multiplier effect of Styrian exports (to other parts of Austria, and abroad) and of private consumption on the economy of the region. High multiplier effects of final demand deliveries are exhibited by such sectors as saw mills, hotels and restaurants, housing and food production (all above 1,6). Finally the bias from using a single regional table instead of a multi-regional table in estimating the regional and total effects of final demand on the economy of a region is discussed. 相似文献
39.
The Effect of Communication Media on Cooperation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract. We examine how communication affects cooperation with the help of seven standard public goods experiments that only differ with respect to the medium of pre‐play communication. Our treatments include bidirectional and unidirectional communication via (mostly electronic) auditory and/or visual channels. The results suggest that successful cooperation is attributable to the opportunity of ‘coordinating’ behavior in the communication phase. Furthermore, both the level and the stability of cooperation significantly interact with the communication medium, even though the content of communication is remarkably similar across the communication treatments. 相似文献
40.
Héléna Beltran-Lopez Pierre Giot Joachim Grammig 《Financial Markets and Portfolio Management》2009,23(3):209-242
This paper uses data from one of the most important European stock markets and shows that, in line with predictions from theoretical
market microstructure, a small number of latent factors captures most of the variation in stock specific order books. We show
that these order book commonalities are much stronger than liquidity commonality across stocks. The result that bid and ask
side as well as the visible and hidden parts of the order book exhibit quite specific dynamics is interpreted as evidence
that open order book markets attract a heterogeneous trader population in terms of asset valuations and impatience. Quantifying
the informational content of the extracted factors with respect to the evolution of the asset price, we find that the factor
information shares are highest (about 10%) for less frequently traded stocks. We also show that the informational content
of hidden orders is limited.
相似文献
Joachim GrammigEmail: |