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41.
Spot to retail price pass-through behavior of the U.S. gasoline market was investigated at the national and regional levels, using weekly wholesale and retail motor gasoline prices from January 2000 to the present. Asymmetric pass-through was found across all regions, with faster pass-through when prices are rising. Pass-through patterns, in terms of speed and time for completion, were found to vary from region to region. Spatial aggregation was investigated at the national level and the East Coast with the aggregated cumulative pass-through being greater than the volume-weighted regional pass-through when spot prices increase. These results are useful to the petroleum industry, consumers, and policy makers by providing a basis to estimate the retail price effects that result from a change in spot price. 相似文献
42.
43.
J Price Gittinger Joanne Leslie Caroline Hoisington Joel Greer Erik Thorbecke 《Development Southern Africa》1987,4(4)
Food policy: Integrating supply, distribution and consumption, EDI series in economic development, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1987
Food poverty and consumption patterns in Kenya, International Labour Office, Geneva, 1986 相似文献
44.
Liability dollarization,exchange market pressure and fear of floating: empirical evidence for Turkey
US and British unemployment rates for non–white males and females are compared over the period 1970–1998. Whereas US rates remained fairly steady, there was a marked increase in British non–white unemployment rates. The reasons for this poor performance, relative to the good performance of US non–whites are explored. It is shown that non–white unemployment behaves in different ways across the two countries. For example, British rates rise faster in a recession than white rates, whereas US rates appear not to follow this British hypercyclical pattern. 相似文献
45.
Who, or what, holds power in business-to-business buyer–seller relationships is a debate at the heart of power theory. Power in buyer–seller relationships is variously seen as the property of organizations, individuals or relationships yet to be theoretically valid and useful to management, integration of these schools of thought needs to be operationalized. This paper opens up future research avenues through identifying how buyers and sellers understand the origins of power and the nature of self perceived and countervailing power. The paper presents results from 10 focus groups of both buyers and sellers revealing the underlying origins of experienced power. The results support the proposition that power in buyer–seller relationships is a pluralistic concept and that extant theories focused on organizational, individual or relational elements of power are independently too narrow in their reflections of the power construct; rather, they are all part of the same broad construct. 相似文献
46.
This paper presents a short-term monthly forecasting model of West Texas Intermediate crude oil spot price using OECD petroleum
inventory levels. Theoretically, petroleum inventory levels are a measure of the balance, or imbalance, between petroleum
production and demand, and thus provide a good market barometer of crude oil price change. Based on an understanding of petroleum
market fundamentals and observed market behavior during the post-Gulf War period, the model was developed with the objectives
of being both simple and practical, with required data readily available. As a result, the model is useful to industry and
government decision-makers in forecasting price and investigating the impacts of changes on price, should inventories, production,
imports, or demand change.
This work is partially sponsored by the Office of Strategic Petroleum Reserve, Department of Energy, USA, and was presented
at the International Atlantic Economic Conference, Athens, Greece, March 2001. 相似文献
47.
Peter J. Park Edward B. Barbier Joanne C. Burgess 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1998,11(3-4):473-487
This paper presents economic rules for harvest timing when timber and nontimber goods, services, and ecological functions
are produced from forest stands. Forests include stands that are heterogeneous in age, land quality, and distance to market.
Rules for allocating land between forest and nonforest use are developed. Key land use margins are identified that are important
to land use allocation in temperate and tropical regions (e.g., between unmanaged forest, forest management, and forest conversion).
Processes that can change key land use margins are discussed and used to organize recent empirical and theoretical studies
of regions where forest land use is in transition, such as where forest land is being converted to alternative nonforest land
uses. 相似文献
48.
Shanthi Gopalakrishnan Joanne L. Scillitoe Michael D. Santoro 《Journal of Management Studies》2008,45(8):1354-1376
Strategic alliances with pharmaceutical firms allow small biotechnology firms to acquire needed financial capital in exchange for sharing new, cutting‐edge technologies. This study draws from aspects of resource‐based view and social capital theory to examine the factors that influence the extent of financial capital biotech firms acquire when forming an alliance with pharmaceutical firms. Using a sample of 184 alliances from the period 1995–2000, we found that alliances where the pharmaceutical firm has greater management control are associated with greater acquisition of financial capital by the biotech firm. We also found that the credibility of the pharmaceutical firm is positively associated with the extent of financial capital acquired by the biotechnology firm and that the number of patents that the biotech firm has is negatively associated to the financial capital the biotech firm receives. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory, research, and management practice. 相似文献
49.
R esearchers who study the nursing workforce use data about nurses and data about nursing jobs. Diifferent approaches - sample surveys and relicensure surveys - used to collect data on RNs, and the benefits and weaknesses of these approaches, are reviewed. Predicting the future supply of nurses is more complex than estimating the current supply, as factors that affect future supply must be considered. Simple forecasts can be created with relatively few variables, which could be collected through relicensure surveys. However, more detailed assessments of potential retirement patterns, changing family norms regarding childcare and household work, and movements into higher education require the rich data more often found in sample surveys. 相似文献
50.
Jagadish?Guria Joanne?Leung Michael?Jones-Lee Graham?LoomesEmail author 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2005,32(1):113-127
Large disparities between willingness to accept (WTA) and willingness to pay (WTP) based values of statistical life are commonly
encountered in empirical studies. Standard economic theory suggests that if a public good is easily substitutable there should
be no marked disparity between WTA and WTP values for the good, though the disparity increases with reduced substitutability.
However, psychologists have shown that people often treat gains and losses asymmetrically and tend to require a substantially
larger increase in wealth to compensate for a loss than the amount they would be willing to pay for an equivalent gain. Although
most transport projects may aim to improve safety, situations arise when a relaxation of an existing regulation saves resources
but increases the risk of death and injuries. A survey was recently carried out in New Zealand to determine people’s willingness
to pay to reduce road risks and their willingness to accept compensation for an increase in risk. This paper reports the disparity
observed between the two measures and considers some of the problems posed for policymakers. 相似文献