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401.
Although managers cite human resources as a firm's most important asset, many organizational decisions do not reflect this belief. This article uses the value, rareness, imitability, and organization (VRIO) framework to examine the role that the human resource (HR) function plays in developing a sustainable competitive advantage. Why some popularly cited sources of sustainable competitive advantage are not, and what aspects of a firm's human resources can provide a source of sustainable competitive advantage are discussed. The role of the HR executive as a strategic partner in developing and maintaining competitive advantage within the firm is also examined. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
402.
Jennifer N. Lamb Jay Norton Emmanuel Chiwo Omondi Rita Laker-Ojok Dominic Ngosia Sikuku 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2016,14(1):65-81
Participatory approaches to agricultural technology development have not yet fully lived up to their promise to incorporate farmer knowledge. This paper introduces a social networks approach (SNA) to improve participatory research processes for co-innovation. Drawing upon findings from a collaborative project developing conservation agricultural production systems for smallholders in western Kenya and eastern Uganda, the paper explores farmer support networks to improve participation in technological innovation and development. Key research themes include: identifying farmers’ agricultural production networks; the local articulation of agricultural production networks and mindsets; using networks to facilitate meaningful participation in technology development; and disadvantages and advantages of using a social network approach. The introduction of SNA improved participatory research by building external and internal legitimacy for determining who participates, discouraging participatory attrition, and providing a meaningful forum for participation of all stakeholders. As a result, the introduction of SNA is demonstrated to show strong promise for improving processes of participatory technology development in agriculture. 相似文献
403.
404.
The economics of politically-connected firms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Political connections between firms and autocratic regimes are not secret and often even publicly displayed in many developing
economies. We argue that tying a firm’s available rent to a regime’s survival acts as a credible commitment forcing entrepreneurs
to support the government and to exert effort in its stabilization. In return, politically-connected firms get access to profitable
markets and are exempted from the regime’s extortion. We show that such a gift exchange between government and politically-connected
firms can only exist if certain institutional conditions are met. In particular, the stability of the regime has to be sufficiently
low and the regime needs the power to exploit independent firms. We also show that building up a network of politically-connected
firms acts as a substitute for investments in autonomous stability (such as spending on military and police force). The indirect
strategy of stabilizing a regime via politically-connected firms gradually becomes inferior when a regime’s exploitative power
rises. 相似文献
405.
Aron O'Cass Author Vitae Jay Weerawardena Author Vitae 《Industrial Marketing Management》2010,39(4):571-581
Since the early 1990s the theoretical and practical issues associated with organizational capabilities have been a major research focus in marketing. However, there has been little focus simultaneously on industry environment and internal competitive capability development. A manager's perception of his/her industry environment has the potential to impact the firm's marketing-related capability development through their strategic responses to their perception of the environment. This paper advocates that managers (i.e., firms) perceiving their industry environment as turbulent will develop superior market learning and marketing capabilities. Market learning will assist in the process of building superior marketing capabilities. Both capabilities lead to higher brand performance. To explore these issues a study was designed to measure perceived industry competitive intensity, market learning and marketing capabilities. Data were gathered from senior managers of commercial firms and the results largely support the hypothesized theoretical relationship that industry competitive intensity influences market learning activity and marketing capability development. Interestingly, the study findings suggest that market learning impacts brand performance through marketing capability. The findings significantly contribute to the debate on the influence of the competitive environment on a firm's internal capability development which suggests the need for further research to examine the industry competitive intensity-internal capabilities-firm performance relationship. 相似文献
406.
An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship Between Change in Corporate Social Performance and Financial Performance: A Stakeholder Theory Perspective 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Bernadette M. Ruf Krishnamurty Muralidhar Robert M. Brown Jay J. Janney Karen Paul 《Journal of Business Ethics》2001,32(2):143-156
Stakeholder theory provides a framework for investigating the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance. This relationship is investigated by examining how change in CSP is related to change in financial accounting measures. The findings provide some support for a tenet in stakeholder theory which asserts that the dominant stakeholder group, shareholders, financially benefit when management meets the demands of multiple stakeholders. Specifically, change in CSP was positively associated with growth in sales for the current and subsequent year. This indicates that there are short-term benefits from improving CSP. Return on sales was significantly positively related to change in CSP for the third financial period, indicating that long-term financial benefits may exist when CSP is improved. 相似文献
407.
Virtual offices are a growing trend in today's work environment and are expected to influence marketing roles dramatically, especially selling. These conditions may lead to perceptions of isolation, both socially and organizationally. Workplace isolation is a twodimensional construct that represents individuals' perceptions of isolation from others at work and includes perceived isolation from both colleagues and from the company's support network. This article reports the results of a four‐sample study to develop and validate a selfreport scale for measuring the two facets of workplace isolation. The scale's usefulness for future research and management applications are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
408.
409.
Jay H. Levin 《Review of International Economics》1996,4(1):40-53
This paper develops a model of exchange-rate dynamics characterized by inflationary expectations held with perfect foresight, sticky wages, and sluggish output adjustment. In this framework monetary expansion initially lowers interest rates because of sluggish output and price adjustment but quite surprisingly produces exchange-rate overshooting or undershooting. Moreover, after its initial depreciation in the overshooting case, the domestic currency temporarily appreciates beyond its new long-run equilibrium level. In the undershooting case, the home currency temporarily appreciates away from its new long-run equilibrium level. Finally, the dynamic real exchange rate-real interest rate relationship at times becomes inverse. 相似文献
410.
Jay W. Forrester 《Futures》1981,13(4):323-331
The MIT System Dynamics National Model represents the physical and human processes involved in the long-term growth of a national economy and can provide a theoretical explanation for the generation of long waves. The phases of the long-wave cycle strongly influence the climate for innovation: towards the end of a boom minor improvement innovations in established industries tend to predominate, but managerial and political innovations in a depression can ultimately lead to an upsurge of radically new technologies. A balance between human population and environment may now be the most fundamental requirement for political and social innovation, taking precedence over the proliferation of technical innovation for its own sake. 相似文献