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891.
Companies are often confronted with important strategic issues, such as environmental concerns. Generally, they react in one of two basic ways: buffering the enterprise or bridging the issue. Insight into the factors determining the choice between those two generic strategies is important for managers. Three recent and mutually related analytical frameworks from corporate communication and management theory are discussed and exemplified by the Shell Brent Spar case. This case shows the development of two generic environmental strategies over time: initial buffering of the firm from external stakeholders, and later a shift towards a bridging strategy. On the basis of our theoretical and empirical analysis, it appears that top management's attitude regarding cooperation with external stakeholders plays a key role in choosing bridging versus buffering strategies. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献
892.
Arie Kapteyn Sara van de Geer Huib Van de Stadt Tom Wansbeek 《Journal of Applied Econometrics》1997,12(6):665-686
The theoretical model of Gaertner (1974) and Pollak (1976) for the interdependence of preferences in the Linear Expenditure System is estimated for a cross-section of households. The interdependence of consumption of different households has implications for the stochastic structure of the model and for the identifiability of its parameters. Both aspects are dealt with. The empirical results indicate a significant role played by the interdependence of preferences. One of its implications is that predictions of the effects of changes in a household's exogenous variables differ according to whether the exogenous variable only changes for this household or for all households jointly. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
893.
As a result of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, afforestation of agricultural lands can be expected to take on an important role in the CO2 emissions reduction policy arsenal of some countries. To date, identification of suitable (marginal) agricultural lands has been left mainly to foresters, but their criteria fail to take into account economic nuances. In this study, an optimal control model is used to determine the optimal level of afforestation in the western Canada. The results indicate that, while planting fast-growing trees for carbon uptake on marginal agricultural land may be important, the path dynamics matter in determining whether Canada can rely on afforestation to meet its obligations under Kyoto.
Sous l'impulsion duprotocole de Kyoto (1997), on peuts'attendre à voirle reboisement des terres agricoles prendre une place importante dans l'arsenal de mesures de réduction des émissions de CO2 de certains pays. Jusqu'à présent, le choix des terres agricoles utilisables (c.-à-d. marginales pour l'agriculture) a été laissé principalement aux forestiers, mais les critères sur lesquels ces derniers se basent ne tiennent pas compte des aspects économiques. Nous utilisons ici un modèle de contrôle optimal pour déterminer le niveau optimal de reboisement qui conviendrait pour l'ouest du Canada. Il se dégage des résultats que, sans remettre en question l'importance de la plantation d'arbres à croissance rapide pour la capture du C dans les terres agricoles marginales, les décideurs devront tenir compte de la dynamique des sentiers avant que le reboisement puisse ètre la solution adoptée par le Canada pour honorer les engagements pris dans le cadre du Protocole. 相似文献
Sous l'impulsion duprotocole de Kyoto (1997), on peuts'attendre à voirle reboisement des terres agricoles prendre une place importante dans l'arsenal de mesures de réduction des émissions de CO
894.
Matthias M. Graf Sebastian C. Schuh Niels Van Quaquebeke Rolf van Dick 《Journal of Business Ethics》2012,106(3):301-311
In this article, we hypothesize that leaders who display group-oriented values (i.e., values that focus on the welfare of
the group rather than on the self-interest of the leader) will be evaluated more positively by their followers than leaders
who do not display group-oriented values. Importantly, we expected these effects to be more pronounced for leaders who are
ingroup members (i.e., stemming from the same social group as their followers) than for leaders who are outgroup members (i.e.,
leaders stemming from a different social group than their followers). We tested our hypotheses in two studies. Results of
a field study (N = 95) showed the expected relationship between leaders’ group-oriented values and followers’ identification with their leaders.
A scenario study (N = 137) replicated the results and extended it to followers’ endorsement of their leaders. Overall, these findings suggest
that displaying group-oriented values pays off more for ingroup than for outgroup leaders. 相似文献
895.
Corporate Social Responsibility as a Vehicle to Reveal the Corporate Identity: A Study Focused on the Websites of Spanish Financial Entities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study explores the relevance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an element of the corporate identity of Spanish
financial institutions. Specifically, it aims to analyze the CSR actions developed by financial entities through the analysis
of all the available information disclosed in their websites. A content analysis applied to 82 banking institutions, followed
by different quantitative analyses, reveals the multidimensionality of CSR. Findings show that, while the number of entities
institutionalizing CSR values as core elements of their identities is still reduced, most organizations disclose CSR information
to construct communicated identities and legitimate behaviours. Besides, these dimensions are classified depending on the
stakeholder the action is aimed to, and that entities favour the generation of distinctive identities through the implementation
and communication of more visible CSR actions like those involving their customers or the community. In any case, results
indicate that organizations with certain characteristics are more likely to construct distinctive identities through CSR activities
and to establish ethical and social values within their corporate statements and cultures. 相似文献
896.
Haiyan Song Gang Li Robert van der Veen Jason L. Chen 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2011,13(1):82-96
The purpose of this study is to test a two‐step tourist satisfaction index framework empirically. The first step estimates sectoral‐level satisfaction indexes based on a structural equation model, and the second obtains an overall tourist satisfaction index by conducting second‐order confirmatory factor analysis. This study is a pilot test of the theoretical framework based on three tourism‐related service sectors in Hong Kong. The results indicate that mainland Chinese tourists are most satisfied with the hotel sector in Hong Kong, followed by the retail sector, and least satisfied with local tour operators. The aggregate tourist satisfaction index is 74.04 out of 100. The results of this study have important practical implications for long‐term destination management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
897.
Jeroen Nawijn Rami Khalil Isaac Konstantin Gridnevskiy Adriaan van Liempt 《旅游业当前问题》2018,21(2):175-190
This study explored Dutch people's expected intensity of emotional responses of a potential visit to a concentration camp memorial site in the Netherlands. A total of 1050 online panel members participated in a questionnaire that contained a 33-item emotion scale. Results reveal that individuals with a closeness to the Holocaust expect to feel most emotions more intensely, specifically emotions that are traditionally considered ‘positive’, such as pride, love, joy, inspiration, excitement and affection. Overall, respondents expect to feel disgust, shock, compassion and sadness the strongest. Those who look from the viewpoint of the offenders mainly expect to feel emotions that are traditionally considered ‘negative’, whereas those who took the point of view of the victims also expect a more ‘positive’ emotional reaction to the visit. Managerial implications address aspects of education, storytelling and authenticity. 相似文献
898.
International capital flows 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The surge in international asset trade since the early 1990s has lead to renewed interest in models with international portfolio choice. We develop the implications of portfolio choice for both gross and net international capital flows in the context of a simple two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. We focus on the time-variation in portfolio allocation following shocks, and resulting capital flows. Endogenous time-variation in expected returns and risk, which are the key determinants of portfolio choice, affect capital flows in often subtle ways. The model is consistent with a broad range of empirical evidence. An additional contribution of the paper is to overcome the technical difficulty of solving DSGE models with portfolio choice by developing a broadly applicable solution method. 相似文献
899.
900.
Two important empirical features of US unemployment are that shocks to the series seem rather persistent and that it seems to rise faster during recessions than that it falls during expansions. To jointly capture these features of long memory and nonlinearity, we put forward a new time series model and evaluate its empirical performance. We find that the model describes the data rather well and that it outperforms related competitive models on various measures of fit. 相似文献