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961.
Summary Some years ago Theil introduced new inequality measures, originating from information theory. He applied them 8.0. to income distributions in the United States. This inequality coefficient is - in contrast to Pareto's constant - based on the whole income distribution. Moreover, the inequality can be disaggregated into inequalities for groups of population. The numerical value of the inequality depends on the chosen class intervals; this may be inconvenient when making comparisons between countries, between different periods and the like. Hence we suggest an appropriate standardizing procedure. The inequality of income distributions has been calculated for the period 1950–1964 and a cornparison is made with Pmm's constant. The investigation relates to three groups of population: wage earners, self employed and others. A remark is made about between-province inequalities. 相似文献
962.
William I. Gorden Carolyn M. Anderson Stephen D. Bruning 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》1992,5(1):75-85
An affective-moral quid pro quo model provided the framework to test the relationship between worker satisfaction, perceptions of employees' citizenship behavior, and corporate commitment to moral-ethical ideals. A total of 198 full-time employees from a wide variety of work settings anonymously completed questionnaires. More than half of the respondents held management or supervisory positions; the number of males and females was nearly equal. Participants who indicated high satisfaction with work, promotions, and co-workers, and who viewed employees in their work setting as altruistic, perceived their organization as committed to employee welfare, employee rights, product quality, and as good corporate citizens. 相似文献
963.
I.J. Bateman A.P. Jones A.A. Lovett I.R. Lake B.H. Day 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,22(1-2):219-269
Many of the analyses undertaken byenvironmental and resource economics areintimately concerned with spatial variations.This
article examines the contribution whichGeographical Information Systems (GIS) mayprovide in incorporating the complexities
ofthe spatial dimension within such analyses. Thepaper introduces the reader to the types ofdata handled by a GIS and overviews
thepractical functionality offered by suchsystems. A brief literature review issupplemented by a number of more detailedapplications
illustrating various GIStechniques which may be of use to the appliedenvironmental or resource economist. 相似文献
964.
This paper introduces time-inconsistent preferences in a multicommodity general equilibrium framework with incomplete markets. The standard concept of competitive equilibrium is extended in order to allow for changes in intertemporal preferences. Depending on whether or not agents recognize that their intertemporal preferences change, agents are called sophisticated or naïve. This paper presents competitive equilibrium notions for economies with naïve agents and economies with sophisticated agents and provides assumptions under which both types of equilibria exist. Surprisingly, the set of naïve equilibria in societies populated by time-consistent households is not allocationally equivalent to the set of competitive equilibria. For sophisticated equilibria, the equivalence holds. Time-inconsistency also raises conceptual issues about the appropriate concept of efficiency. Choices have to be made concerning the incorporation of future preferences and the appropriate instruments to create Pareto improvements. For both naïve and sophisticated societies, we present four possible efficiency concepts. Suitable conditions are specified for which both naïve and sophisticated equilibria satisfy appropriate efficiency concepts. 相似文献
965.
MARIO I. BLEJER 《The Economic record》1979,55(1):33-40
In this paper a model is presented to analyze, in a monetary setting, the effects of a once-and-for-all adjustment in the exchange rate in a small economy committed to a fixed exchange-rate system. The effects of such an adjustment are shown to be transitory. After a devaluation the domestic rate of inflation accelerates in relation to the rate of inflation in the rest of the world. The increase in prices reduces the real value of the nominal stock of money and, in order to restore real liquidity to its previous level, foreign-exchange reserves start to flow into the country. However, as monetary equlibrium is reached, the flow of reserves tends to stop and the domestic rate of inflation converges to the world rate. 相似文献
966.
An attempt was made to determine equivalence scales for children by using the McClements technique to estimate the Prais-Houthakker expenditure model using Australian data. It was found that the method was used by McClements to identify the system introduced an unacceptable degree of subjective bias. 相似文献
967.
Buerhaus PI Donelan K Ulrich BT Kirby L Norman L Dittus R 《Nursing economic$》2005,23(3):110-8, 143, 107
In Part II of this six part series on the state of the registered nurse (RN) workforce in the United States, the focus is on RNs' perceptions of nursing including RNs' satisfaction with their jobs in general and on specific elements of their work experiences, such as the quality of professional relationships. Satisfaction with a nursing career and whether RNs would recommend nursing to others are also examined. The improvements in nursing found in this analysis of two national surveys in 2002 and 2004 should be broadly communicated not only to energize individuals and organizations to continue their efforts to improve the workplace environment, but to challenge the many individuals in the nursing profession who hold onto a sense that nothing will ever improve in their organizations. 相似文献
968.
Jose M. Pavía Bernardi Cabrer Luis E. Vila 《International Advances in Economic Research》2006,12(1):91-103
The development of a national or regional economy depends on its own actions as much as on those of its commercial partners.
Trade transmits economic events from one economy to another. The type and the degree of interdependence between territories—regions
or countries—determines the consequences of external actions in a region. Multipliers translate the effects of a change in
one variable on the others. Using an input–output scheme to express interregional commercial flows, some coefficients are
developed to classify and identify the role that each region plays in interregional trade. An empirical application of the
methodology on Spanish Comunidades Autonomas is presented.
A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the Fifty-Eight International Atlantic Economic Conference, Chicago,
October 7–10, 2004. The authors greatly appreciate the comments and suggestions from the participants at the meeting. The
authors also wish to thank an anonymous referee and editor for their constructive suggestions and comments. This research
was partially supported by the DGI project SEJ2004-07924/ECON. 相似文献
969.
Summary In the framework of dynamic equilibrium theory we propose a model of gradual transition from an Economy with centralized budgets regulation to a Market Economy (with self-financing). It is assumed that information about possible change of the economic mechanism affects essentially the behavior of agents. The duration of the transition period is regarded as a random variable. We study conditions when such a transition allows firms to adapt their plans to future markets and guarantees the existence of equilibrium paths. We also discuss the case of Shock Therapy (instantaneous transition) which may cause bankruptcy, jumps in prices and deficits.This work is supported by Russian Foundation of Basic Researches, grant 93-06-10356 相似文献
970.
S. I. Cohen 《International Advances in Economic Research》2002,8(4):296-304
The paper reports on the multiplier analysis of comparable Social Accounting Matrices for Russia and China. The benchmark
is around 1990, which constitutes a crucial year in their transition to more mixed market-state economies. Growth multipliers
in China are found to be higher than in Russia, reflecting more intensive and balanced circular flow interactions. Distribution
multipliers are less regressive in China than in Russia, which reflect stronger trickle-down effects and weaker leakage-up
effects in the income and expenditure patterns of rich and poor household groups in China as compared to Russia. 相似文献