全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2176篇 |
免费 | 66篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 434篇 |
工业经济 | 223篇 |
计划管理 | 363篇 |
经济学 | 470篇 |
综合类 | 42篇 |
运输经济 | 15篇 |
旅游经济 | 63篇 |
贸易经济 | 380篇 |
农业经济 | 65篇 |
经济概况 | 187篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 38篇 |
2019年 | 67篇 |
2018年 | 61篇 |
2017年 | 61篇 |
2016年 | 45篇 |
2015年 | 27篇 |
2014年 | 41篇 |
2013年 | 205篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 74篇 |
2010年 | 66篇 |
2009年 | 75篇 |
2008年 | 71篇 |
2007年 | 58篇 |
2006年 | 69篇 |
2005年 | 70篇 |
2004年 | 54篇 |
2003年 | 61篇 |
2002年 | 54篇 |
2001年 | 38篇 |
2000年 | 36篇 |
1999年 | 45篇 |
1998年 | 40篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 47篇 |
1995年 | 24篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 29篇 |
1992年 | 36篇 |
1991年 | 28篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 33篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 58篇 |
1984年 | 34篇 |
1983年 | 41篇 |
1982年 | 40篇 |
1981年 | 22篇 |
1980年 | 34篇 |
1979年 | 31篇 |
1978年 | 18篇 |
1977年 | 24篇 |
1976年 | 14篇 |
1975年 | 21篇 |
1974年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有2242条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
951.
Dan Sarel D.B.A. Joseph Yassour D.B.A. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1984,12(1-2):69-84
Models for decisions under uncertainty are reviewed and the use of expected utility is recommended. A general framework for
choosing between discrete marketing policy alternatives is developed, allowing for different non-Gaussian probability distributions
of market response functions to be assumed. An example of an actual application is presented. 相似文献
952.
Learning in the thick of it 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The U.S. Army's Opposing Force (OPFOR) is a 2,500-member brigade whose job is to help prepare soldiers for combat. Created to be the meanest, toughest foe that soldiers will ever face, OPFOR engages units-in-training in a variety of mock campaigns under a wide range of conditions. Every month, a fresh brigade of more than 4,000 soldiers takes on this standing enemy. OPFOR, which is stationed in the California desert, always has the home-court advantage. But the force being trained--called BLU FOR--is numerically and technologically superior. It possesses more resources and better, more available data. It is made up of experienced soldiers. And it knows just what to expect, because OPFOR shares its methods from previous campaigns with BLUFOR's commanders. In short, each BLUFOR brigade is given practically every edge. Yet OPFOR almost always wins. Underlying OPFOR's consistent success is the way it uses the after-action review (AAR), a method for extracting lessons from one event or project and applying them to others. AAR meetings became a popular business tool after Shell Oil began experimenting with them in 1998. Most corporate AARs, however, are faint echoes of the rigorous reviews performed by OPFOR. Companies tend to treat the process as a pro-forma wrap-up, drawing lessons from an action but rarely learning them. OPFOR's AARs, by contrast, generate raw material that is fed back into the execution cycle. And while OPFOR's reviews extract numerous lessons, the brigade does not consider a lesson to be learned until it is successfully applied and validated. It might not make sense for companies to adopt OPFOR's AAR processes in their entirety, but four fundamentals are mandatory: Lessons must benefit the team that extracts them. The AAR process must start atthe beginning of the activity. Lessons must link explicitly to future actions. And leaders must hold everyone, especially themselves, accountable for learning. 相似文献
953.
Incidents of workplace violence have been of significant concern to health care employers and the public at large. Many employers now find themselves confronted with sentinel events in the workplace, such as assault; property damage; racially, ethnically, or religiously motivated violence; sexual assault; employee suicide; or homicide. Regardless of a health care agency's size or mission, when employees are unexpectedly confronted with workplace violence, they are typically overwhelmed with shock and multiple questions surrounding how the event could have occurred in the safety of the workplace. It is difficult to imagine returning to work only minutes after hearing such news and, yet, in this modern era of corporate health care, this is what usually happens. Awareness of the dynamics and issues related to workplace violence can guide policy development and related interventions to promote safety, stability, and provide a platform for adapting to the devastation of such a disturbing event. 相似文献
954.
Empirical work on uncertainty and investment generally focuses on one country or one indicator of uncertainty. We extend the literature by assessing the impact of a comprehensive range of potential sources of uncertainty on aggregate business investment across the G7 using Pooled Mean Group Estimation (PMGE) and GARCH methods to model uncertainty. A significant negative long-run effect from exchange rate volatility is found for the G7 and in poolable subgroups including all four larger EU countries. Volatility of long-term interest rates has additionally influenced investment in recent years. For most estimates, a one standard deviation rise in conditional volatility leads to a 2–4 per cent fall in investment although some samples give greater declines. The results suggest inter alia that EMU is beneficial to aggregate investment. JEL no. E22, F31 相似文献
955.
This paper is an updated study on the causes of economic insecurity in the United States. The authors have constructed an aggregate composite index that measures objectively the major causes of economic insecurity (CEI) in the United States. The CEI index consists of 11 variables that can cause economic insecurity. The time period under investigation is 1960 through 2001. A rising CEI index indicates that the causes of economic insecurity in the United States have increased in relative importance, which results in an increase in economic insecurity. Conversely, a falling CEI index indicates that the causes of economic insecurity have declined in relative importance, which results in a reduction of economic insecurity. However, despite substantial economic growth in the American economy from 1960 through 2001, the CEI index overall showed little improvement. The major conclusion is that the CEI index was 9 percent higher in 2001 than it was in 1960. This result was due largely to the increase in divorce, violent crime, rising out-of-pocket expenditures for health care, inflation, and unemployment. The results for subperiods are dramatically different, and we think more interesting, than the overall results. During the 1960s, there was a small decline in the CEI index. The 1970s showed a dramatic increase in the CEI index, which reflected both high unemployment rates and inflation rates during this period. The 1980s experienced fluctuating levels in the index but little overall change, and the 1990s experienced a sharp decline in the CEI index due largely to a robust economy. The CEI index has increased more recently, which reflects largely the recent 2001 business recession. The correlation coefficient of the CEI index with the University of Michigan's well-known Index of Consumer Sentiment is ?676. This figure shows that as the CEI index rises, consumer sentiment about the American economy becomes pessimistic and negative. 相似文献
956.
Joseph G. Hirschberg 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》1991,3(2):155-173
The rate schedules for services provided by regulated industries are often not defined in terms of simple per-unit charges but as multipart tariffs. For example, in the case of block price rates, the rate parameters are the definition of the block limits and the per-unit charges in each block. The analysis of these rates is complicated by the fact that most econometric models provide only per-unit or marginal-cost-based elasticities. This paper presents a technique for determining the rate schedule elasticities from elasticities for functions of the rate schedule parameters such as per-unit price elasticities. Also presented are methods for determining elasticities for combinations of service characteristics and the price schedule parameter elasticities for an entire service market. Examples are given for block water rates and Hopkinson and time-of-day electricity rates. 相似文献
957.
Standard procedures for extractingwillingness-to-pay (WTP) from dichotomouschoice CV questionnaires rely heavily uponparametric assumptions regarding thedistribution and form of WTP in the sampledpopulation. However, theory provides littleguidance regarding which parametricspecification to use and the resulting WTPestimates can be sensitive to the selectionsmade. Here we compare and contrast severalparametric and semi-nonparametric estimatorsthat have been proposed in the literature,examining the sensitivity of the resulting WTPestimates to the underlying distribution ofpreferences and the estimation procedureemployed. 相似文献
958.
Bas?van AarleEmail author Giovanni Di?Bartolomeo Jacob?Engwerda Joseph?Plasmans 《Journal of Economics》2004,81(1):1-24
A highly integrated area like the EMU features a large amount of interactions between the participating countries. In this context the interactions of monetary and fiscal policies are a crucial issue. This paper focuses on how coalitions among policymakers are formed and discusses their effects on the stabilization of output and price. We emphasize the role played by the institutional design of cooperation forums (as, e.g., the ECOFIN). If the coalition formation game is played without communication among the policymakers, full cooperation is an unlikely outcome. On the other hand, if policymakers can communicate, full cooperation becomes a possible equilibrium, while the complete non-cooperative solution is, in general, not a stable equilibrium. This supports the view that institutions for discussions can play a crucial role in achieving international cooperation even when these institutions are not endowed with enforcement powers.revised version received August 1, 2003 相似文献
959.
The market effects of alternative housing payment formulas are analyzed and compared for a metropolitan housing market using measures of efficiency and distributional equity. The effects of “earmarking” allowance payments are considered. Estimated market effects are based on a model of housing market behavior over a 10-year period. The results differ significantly from what one might anticipate based on demand analyses of individual behavior. “Housing gap” formulas perform better than percent-of-rent formulas. Certain characteristics of the housing market together with particular income redistribution effects of the allowances appear to explain the market behavior. 相似文献
960.
Bootstrapping Confidence Intervals for Linear Programming Efficiency Scores: With an Illustration Using Italian Banking Data 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
This article suggests a method for introducing a stochastic element into Farrell measures of technical efficiency as calculated via linear programming techniques. Specifically, a bootstrap of the original efficiency scores is performed to derive confidence intervals and a measure of bias for the scores. The bootstrap generates these measures of statistical precision for the nonstochastic efficiency measures by using computational power to derive empirical distributions for the efficiency measures. 相似文献