Reinforcing the Link Between Contributions and Pensions: The Effect of the Population Aging

In this paper, we analyze a majority voting process on the earnings-related part of pension benefits in a Social Security system with flexible retirement. We show that the aging of the population may make it easier to implement one of the proposed reforms to achieve a delay in the average retirement age of workers, to reinforce the link between contributions and pensions.     

中美审计结果公告制度实施环境的比较及启示

审计结果公告在发达国家是一种通行做法,近年来我国也颁布了相关的法律法规,但完整的审计结果公告制度尚未建立。审计结果公告制度的建立是一个系统工程,受政府信息公开程度、审计模式、审计规范体系等环境因素的影响和制约。文章从以上环境因素着手,分析比较了中美审计结果公告制度的异同,以期对我国审计结果公告制度建立和健全提供参考。     

Environmental regulatory enforcement with “green” consumers

We consider a standard probabilistic model of random monitoring to analyze the interactions between a firm and a monitoring agency in the presence of “green” consumers when compliance payoffs are contingent on monitoring and monitoring costs are shared by the monitoring agency and the firm. When the amount paid by the firms if monitored is exogenously fixed, we find that full compliance is implemented with a finite fine. If there is an upper bound for the fine and the regulator determines endogenously the fine and the amount paid by the firms if monitored, we find that full compliance is also achieved, although the optimal fine is now set at its maximum level. The optimal amount paid by the firms if monitored is lower than the environmental premium the compliant firm gets.The author thanks two anonymous referees for their useful comments and suggestions     

第三方物流服务商开展电子商务的竞争策略研究

通过对我国第三方物流服务商开展电子商务的SWOT分析,提出了其利用电子商务整合企业资源,实现整个供应链最优化从而获得竞争优势的策略。     

论转型期中国的"两栖人"现象

随着中国经济和政治体制改革的深入,社会成员的结构发生了重大变化,在阶层分化的过程中出现了特有的“两栖人”现象。本文指出了在改革初期和世纪之交两个阶段分别出现的“两栖人”现象的实质,以及这种现象对社会的影响,最后提出了解决这一问题的思路与对策。     

Why Punish? Social reciprocity and the enforcement of prosocial norms

Recently economists have become interested in why people who face social dilemmas in the experimental lab use the seemingly incredible threat of punishment to deter free riding. Three theories with evolutionary microfoundations have been developed to explain punishment. We survey these theories and use behavioral data from surveys and experiments to show that the theory called social reciprocity in which people punish norm violators indiscriminately explains punishment best.JEL Classification: C91, C92, D64, H41 Correspondence to: Jeffrey P. CarpenterWe thank Carolyn Craven, Corinna Noelke and two referees for comments, and Middlebury College for financial assistance. In addition, Carpenter acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (SES-CAREER 0092953).     

我国制造业西移的成因和对策建议

实施西部大开发战略以来,西部地区的制造业出现了崛起的新迹象。但如果对西部大开发战略实施过程中的一些步骤、政策的设计或处理失当,尤其是对刚刚出现的制造业西移的现象关注不够,就会在实施中产生一些消极的影响,还会阻碍西部大开发战略的顺利实施。因此,加强对我国制造业西移现象的研究将成为一个迫切的任务。     

Strategic Environmental Standards, Wage Incomes and the Location of Polluting Firms

The purpose of this paper is tostudy how the choice of environmental standardsby governments is affected by the existence ofwage incomes when firms locations areendogenous. In developed countries labor isunionized, which allows positive wage incomesto arise. Thus, each government has incentivesto persuade firms to locate in its countrysince social welfare depends on suchincomes. But, as pollution damages theenvironment, each government will only try toattract polluting firms to thecountry, to obtain the wage incomes, whenthe valuation of environmental damage showsthat it is low.     

工业园区绿色招商指标评价体系研究

本文分析了目前国内招商引资中出现的问题，提出了综合考虑投资环境和扫商要求的工业园区绿色招商及其评价指标体系，给出了相应的评价方法、同时对苏州工业围区的绿色招商水平作了具体评价。