Toward farm-based policy analysis: concepts applied in Haiti

Many policies – on the delivery of inputs or on marketing systems, credit, or extension – influence the potential utilization of new technologies. Through 'farm-based policy analysis' it is possible to use data generated in on-farm research (OFR) to identify policy constraints to the use of new technologies, and to effectively communicate that information to policy makers. This paper describes a tentative framework for farm-based policy analysis and suggests a sequence of five steps for the analysis: (1) identify the policy-induced constraints; (2) determine the rationale behind the policy; (3) identify the decision makers to whom the results should be communicated; (4) identify solutions or policy options; and (5) communicate results to decision makers. A case of farm-based policy analysis from Haiti illustrates the concepts and methods described in the first part of the paper. On-farm experiments in Les Cayes, Haiti, confirmed a response to nitrogen in maize, but adoption of the recommended practice and consequent gains in productivity and income were constrained by the scarcity of urea in the local market. An analysis of local supply and potential local demand for urea and the potential benefits of urea application was conducted, and results communicated to two target groups of decision makers: representatives of the Ministry of Agriculture responsible for fertilizer distribution policy, and representatives of private fertilizer enterprises. These groups responded by making larger supplies of urea available to local farmers. Adoption of the fertilizer recommendation and urea sales increased. The case demonstrates the potential value of farm-based policy analysis building upon data from OFR.     

优化地方财政支出结构--以北京、上海、重庆和成都为实例

首先对优化地方财政支出结构进行简要的理论分析,进而以北京、上海、重庆和成都为实例,以1998年到2002年为时间段,通过四个重要财政支出子项目即基本建设支出、教育事业费、科学事业费和行政管理费占财政总支出的比重,对四个城市的财政支出结构的实际情况进行考察和比较研究,进而针对研究发现的问题提出进一步优化其财政支出结构的建议.     

长虹出海，称雄印尼

印尼大街小巷，“风娃娃”标志的长虹空调室外机处处可见，那红色圆环内火箭冲天而起的标志似乎在宣示：长虹正称雄印尼电器市场。[编者按]     

New characterizations of a classical bankruptcy rule

Concede-and-divide is a well-known and widely accepted procedure to solve bankruptcy situations involving two agents. In a recent paper, Moreno-Ternero and Villar (2004) characterize it by means of a new property, called securement, that imposes a lower bound on the awards agents might obtain. This property can be naturally decomposed in two more elementary ones. We show that each of these components, together with a suitable version of monotonicity and the standard property of self-duality, also characterize concede-and-divide. We also show that one of these components characterizes the rule, when combined with the standard property of minimal rights first.     

论我国旅游企业征信模式的选择

就我国现状而言，与征信业相关的立法尚未出台，征信体系建设仍处于试点阶段．对征信模式的选择显得十分重要。简要介绍国外征信的几种主要模式，并结合我国在征信体系建设方面所作的尝试。在此基础上，提出适合我国国情的旅游企业征信模式，并对其运作机制进行分析，以保证这种模式的可行性。     

商品质量保证金能否强制执行?

案情介绍某市征收分局在申报期结束后,发现所辖商场内有一个承租户没有结清应缴税款,到商场管理部门调查的结果是该纳税户已终止经营,但并未办理税务登记注销手续。由于了解到该纳税户在商场内还有4万元的保证金,于是征收分局按照法律程序发送了扣缴税款通知书,但在执行时遭到了商场的拒绝。拒绝理由是:一是此保证金是与商户签订合同中要求商户缴纳的商品质量保证金,而非商户的存款;二是商场并非金融机构,不存在代扣税款的义务。商场出具的商品质量保证金合同表明,商品质量保证金必须在租赁合同终止三个月后返还承租人。     

京、沪、深、西四城市高新技术产业发展模式比较

随着新经济的发展和竞争的日益激烈,高新技术受到前所未有的重视.在我国,各个省市都在全力促进本地科技事业的发展.深圳、北京、西安和上海这4个城市无论在高新技术产业的规模还是发展速度上都在全国名列前茅,成为带动我国经济发展的4个亮点.这4个城市因城市环境、基础及科技体制的差异,高新技术的发展又各具特色.     

Global intermodal tank container management for the chemical industry

The scale of the global chemical industry is enormous: in 2003, the total value of global production exceeded US$1.7 trillion. International logistics is especially crucial to the high-value chemicals industry, since raw materials sources, production facilities, and consumer markets are distributed globally. Fluctuating demand, imbalanced trade flows, and expensive transportation equipment necessitate dynamic asset management. This paper focuses on asset management problems faced by tank container operators, and formulates an operational tank container management problem as a large-scale multi-commodity flow problem on a time-discretized network. By integrating container routing and repositioning decisions in a single model, total operating costs and fleet sizes can be reduced. A computational study verifies this hypothesis.     

一个总裁的梦——访ICONASIA公司总裁罗德文

8月初，正是上海最热的时候。推开罗德文的家门，他正在一个小本子上专注地记着什么，见我来了，才不舍地放下手中的笔。我好奇地想探个究竟，他说我要为梦想抓住稍纵既逝的念头。     

试论我国劳动密集型产品出口竞争战略的转变

长期以来,我国劳动密集型企业所实行的低成本、低价格的竞争战略促进了劳动密集型产品出口数量的快速增长,但也引发了贸易摩擦频生、价格贸易条件恶化等一系列问题,严重影响了我国外贸的可持续发展。本文通过对以上问题的剖析,阐述了我国劳动密集型产品的出口竞争战略从价格竞争转向以品牌竞争为主的非价格竞争战略的必要性,并从不同的角度分别分析了政府、行业协会和企业为了实现这种转变所应采取的措施。