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71.
AbstractWe examine the role of business parties in business markets: why do B2B companies spend such large amounts of money to sponsor events meant for public consumption, such as sporting events, when most of their activity involves selling to other organisations? Drawing from extensive qualitative fieldwork in the world of tennis tournaments, we detail the specific universe of parties that happen backstage, between companies sponsoring these events. This context helps illuminate the critical role of business parties in business networks. Far from being mere recreation at the company’s expense, business parties are important opportunities for executives to develop and manage their relationships. We show that a business party functions as a particular kind of ritual by creating a distinct universe with its own language, gestures, and other modes of interaction.Summary statement of contribution Our theoretical contribution to the literature on relationship marketing is to detail the unifying function of business parties in local business markets, where relationships with a variety of organisations are key to a company’s success. Our methodological contribution is to illustrate the relevance of anthropological approaches and concepts, such as rituals, to the world of B2B. 相似文献
72.
This study reviews early simulations of the effects of German unification using three different rational expectations multi-country models. Despite significant differences in their structures and in the implementations of the unification shock, the models delivered a number of common results that proved reasonably accurate guides to the direction and magnitude of the effects of unification on key macroeconomic variables. Unification was expected to give rise to an increase in German aggregate demand that would put upward pressure on output, inflation, and the exchange rate, and downward pressure on the current account balance. The model simulations also highlighted contractionary effects of high German interest rates on EMS countries. 相似文献
73.
Could a monetary union in West Africa (either an informal monetaryunion of the non-CFA countries, or a possible future monetaryunion of all ECOWAS members) be an effective agency ofrestraint (Collier, 1991) on fiscal policies? We discussthe ways, both positive and negative, that monetary union couldaffect fiscal discipline and the arguments for explicit fiscalrestraints considered in the literature about the European MonetaryUnion (EMU), and consider their applicability to West Africa.The empirical evidence, EMU literature and CFA experience allsuggest the possibility that monetary union could create thetemptation for fiscal profligacy through prospects of a bail-out,or costs that are diluted through the membership. We concludethat a monetary union in West Africa can be an effective agencyof restraint on fiscal policies only if the hands of the fiscalauthorities are also tied by a strong set of fiscal restraintcriteria, applicable not just for accession to monetary union,but throughout the life of the union. 相似文献
74.
Marketing in medium-sized manufacturing firms: The state-of-the-art in France and in Quebec 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jean-Claude Pacitto Pierre-André Julien Philippe Bizeul 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2007,3(1):29-50
An examination of the relationship between marketing and SMEs raises two kinds of questions: the first relates to the categories
of SMEs studied, and it goes without saying that their responses will depend on their size (very small, small, and medium);
the second depends on the elements likely or not to bring out a marketing approach. In fact, we can infer a large part of
this approach from the answers having to do with segmentation practices, positioning, and information research. These three
practices constitute the foundation of this approach. For all that, to ask questions directly (especially with regard to segmentation)
would lead to biased responses. Taking these premises into account and with understanding of marketing behaviour in the medium-sized
firms as an objective, we conducted two surveys in two locations, France and Québec (Canada), in which only enterprises with
50 to 250 employees were retained. The results show that if the marketing approach of the medium-sized firms is always focused
on client distinction (more than on the market as such), competition leading to positioning is very much a part of their preoccupations;
finally, these enterprises commonly practice commercial intelligence. This implies structuring commercial activity in general
and marketing in particular, the two not always well delimited. These last two traits differentiate them from the other categories
of SMEs, the very small enterprises (VSEs) and the small enterprises (SEs).
相似文献
Philippe BizeulEmail: |
75.
Ludovic A. Julien Anicet B. Kabré Louis de Mesnard 《Bulletin of economic research》2023,75(3):717-741
We introduce polluting emissions in a sequential noncooperative oligopoly model of bilateral exchange. In one sector, a leader and a follower use polluting technologies which create negative externalities on the payoffs of strategic traders who belong to the other sector. By modeling emissions as a negative externality, we show that the leader pollutes more (less) than the follower when strategies are substitutes (complements). Then, we consider the implementation of public policies to control the levels of emissions, namely, two taxation mechanisms and a permit market. We study the effects of these public policies. Moreover, we determine the conditions under which these public policies can implement a Pareto-improving allocation. 相似文献
76.
When investors have incomplete information, expected returns, as measured by an econometrician, deviate from those predicted by standard asset pricing models by including a term that is the product of the stock’s idiosyncratic volatility and the investors’ aggregated forecast errors. If investors are biased this term generates a relation between idiosyncratic volatility and expected stocks returns. Relying on forecast revisions from IBES, we construct a new variable that proxies for this term and show that it explains a significant part of the empirical relation between idiosyncratic volatility and stock returns. 相似文献
77.
This paper aims to assess the impact of both geographic and industrial diversification of economic activities on the productivity performance of large European R&D Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). Based on the worldwide subsidiaries of these firms, we measure the performance of the firms according to their level of industrial diversification and globalisation that we proxy with the presence and importance of subsidiaries in the EU, North America and Asia–Pacific regions. The sample consists of large R&D firms that represent about 80 % of total European R&D. In general, the results indicate a positive impact from globalisation on firms’ R&D productivity, especially in the US, while a negative impact for industrial diversification is found. 相似文献
78.
Pierre-André Julien Eric Andriambeloson Charles Ramangalahy 《Entrepreneurship & Regional Development》2013,25(4):251-269
On apprend plus par la conversation des Doctes, que par la lecture de leurs livres Les épistres de Seneque Translation by François de Malherbe, Paris, Anthoine de Sommaville, 1639, p. 21 Small and medium-sized enterprises, because of their limited resources, use a variety of sources and are linked to different networks to obtain the information they need to develop their strategy and then to gradually organize their environment. Among other things, networks keep them up-to-date with changes in the economy and allow them to take advantage of opportunities to innovate, thus remaining ahead of their competitors. The networks – personal or business – with which these firms interact the most are usually geographically or sociologically close by, embedded in the environment, and are known as strong tie networks. They generally supply signals in a familiar language, based on habit as well a good reciprocal knowledge, which are easy to understand. In addition to this, however, the most dynamic firms also have contacts with weak tie networks, which are further removed from the usual behaviours of entrepreneurs and provide weak signals that, while difficult to grasp and decode, nevertheless offer new, pre-competitive information that can support major innovations. Very little empirical research has been done so far to test the probability of this theory. This paper reports on the results of a survey involving 147 SMEs, all in the land-based transportation equipment sector. It confirms the importance of weak tie networks as opposed to other types of networks, recognizing their complementary contribution to technological innovation. The organization's absorptive capacity is also found to be a significant intermediary factor in taking advantage of weak tie networks. 相似文献
79.
Stock prices are observed to be random walks in time despite a strong, long-term memory in the signs of trades (buys or sells). Lillo and Farmer have recently suggested that these correlations are compensated by opposite long-ranged fluctuations in liquidity, with an otherwise permanent market impact, challenging the scenario proposed in Quantitative Finance, 2004, 4, 176, where the impact is instead transient, with a power-law decay in time. The exponent of this decay is precisely tuned to a critical value, ensuring simultaneously that prices are diffusive on long time scales and that the impact function is nearly lag independent. We provide new analysis of empirical data that confirm and make more precise our previous claims. We show that the power-law decay of the bare impact function comes both from an excess flow of limit order opposite to the market order flow, and to a systematic anti-correlation of the bid–ask motion between trades, two effects that create a ‘liquidity molasses’ which dampens market volatility. 相似文献
80.
This paper extends the literature on the taxation of polluting exhaustible resources by taking international heterogeneities
and national tax-setting into account. We propose a two-country Romer model of endogenous growth in which the South is endowed
with the stock of an essential polluting non-renewable resource and world economic growth is driven by a northern research
sector. We consider the stock of pollution as affecting global welfare. First, we characterize the optimal environmental taxation
policies. Second, we examine the impacts of national taxes. Their time profile determines the extraction path, the dynamics
of pollution accumulation and that of world output. Their respective levels entail inter-country interactions by altering
the efficiency of the world resource allocation, the tax revenues and the resource rents. We study isolatedly the distortional
and distributional effects of local taxes. Then, we completely assess the overall impact of a unilateral tax increase. Finally,
we find that, even if heterogeneous countries coordinate their taxation policies to correct the global environmental problem,
their divergent strategic interests cause another global, non-environmental distortion in the allocation of the resource. 相似文献