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991.
Glenn C. Blomquist Karen Blumenschein Magnus Johannesson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2009,43(4):473-502
Correction for hypothetical bias using follow up certainty questions often takes one of two forms: (1) two options, “definitely sure” and “probably sure”, or (2) a 10-point scale with 10 very certain. While both have been successful in eliminating hypothetical bias from estimates of WTP by calibrating based on the certainty of yes responses, little is known about the relationship between the two. The purpose of this paper is to compare the two using data from three field experiments in a private good, dichotomous choice format. We compare four types of yes responses that differ in the criterion used to determine if there is sufficient certainty for a hypothetical yes response to be considered a true yes response. We make several comparisons, but focus on determining which values on the 10-point scale give the same estimates of WTP as “definitely sure” hypothetical yeses and real yeses (actual purchases). Values that produce equivalence are near 10 on the certainty scale. 相似文献
992.
全球金融危机对我国制造业发展既是巨大挑战,又蕴含着重要机遇.紧紧抓住国际产业分工格局变化的战略机遇,走新型工业化道路,已成为许多地区实现后发赶超的重要举措.按照先进制造业基地的理解,运用特尔菲法和因子分析法建立评价体系,对长沙制造业进行综合评价,确定了三大产业梯队和具有地方特色的核心产业集群,对构建长沙先进制造业基地进行了探讨并提出发展对策与建议. 相似文献
993.
This paper assesses whether and how common characteristics of jury members or peer voters affect the outcomes of voting systems.
In particular, we analyze to what extent these common features result in voting bias. We take as a case study the Eurovision
Song Contest for which an extensive amount of historical data is available. In contrast to earlier studies we analyze the
impact of common factors on the bias individually for each country, which is necessary to substantiate the publicly debated
accusations of regional block voting by certain groups of countries. We establish strong evidence for voting bias in the song
contest on the basis of geography, even after correction for culture, language, religion and ethnicity. However, these effects
do generally not correspond to the usual accusations. We believe that our findings extend to all instances where groups of
jury members or peer voters share certain common factors, which may cause voting bias. It is important to identify such structures
explicitly, as it can help avoiding bias in the first place.
The authors are grateful to Marieke van Dijk for excellent research assistance and to Laurens Swinkels, Ieva Pudane, Gijsbert
van Lomwel, Jelena Stefanovic, and Bas van den Heuvel for useful comments. The usual disclaimer applies. 相似文献
994.
In an economy with private information, we introduce the notion of objects of choice as lists of bundles out of which the
market selects one for delivery. This leads to an extension of the model of Arrow–Debreu that is used to study trade ex ante with private state verification. Under the assumption that agents are prudent, equilibrium is characterized by the fact that agents consume bundles with the same utility in states that they do not distinguish.
This is a weaker condition than the restriction of equal consumption imposed by Radner (Econometrica 36(1), 31–58, 1968),
therefore, some no trade situations are avoided and the efficiency of trade increases. 相似文献
995.
We estimate the economic value of mortality risk in China using the compensating-wage-differential method. We find a positive
and statistically significant correlation between wages and occupational fatality risk. The estimated effect is largest for
unskilled workers. Unemployment reduces compensation for risk, which suggests that some of the assumptions under which compensating
wage differentials can be interpreted as measures of workers’ preferences for risk and income are invalid when unemployment
is high. Workers may be unwilling to quit high-risk jobs when alternative employment is difficult to obtain, violating the
assumption of perfect mobility, or some workers (e.g., new migrants) may be poorly informed about between-job differences
in risk, violating the assumption of perfect information. These factors suggest our estimates of the value per statistical
life (VSL) in China, which range from approximately US$30,000 to US$100,000, may be biased downward. Alternative estimates
adjust for heterogeneity of risk within industry by assuming that risk is concentrated among low-skill workers. These estimates,
which are likely to be biased downward, range from US$7,000 to US$20,000.
相似文献
996.
U.S. states can implement programs to pursue damage recovery when firms cause natural resource damages (NRDs). We present
new empirical evidence that such programs have effectively reduced oil spills in states that adopt them. However, only 34
states had implemented such programs by 2003. We analyze data on 50 states and the District of Columbia from 1980 to 2003
to ascertain the likely determinants of NRD program adoption. We find that states with many environmental accidents adopt
programs more rapidly, while income and interest-group pressure have no significant impact on the process. While non-adopting
states might benefit from such programs, at least NRD programs are being adopted most rapidly where they can do the most good.
相似文献
997.
998.
999.
Vanthuan Nguyen Bonnie F. Van Ness Robert R. Van Ness 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2007,31(2):251-267
We examine how the different mix of informed and liquidity trading in the market for ETFs affects the nature of inter-market
competition. We find that both the characteristics of the securities and the structures of the competing markets jointly determine
the nature of inter-market competition. Given the superior execution quality on the ECNs and the low adverse selection costs
in the ETF market, anonymous market such as the ECNs, attract both liquidity and informed traders. We also find that markets
compete in a subset of ETFs. In addition, we find that quotebased competition is prevalent in the market for ETFs. 相似文献
1000.