全文获取类型
收费全文 | 43841篇 |
免费 | 921篇 |
国内免费 | 51篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 7496篇 |
工业经济 | 3288篇 |
计划管理 | 7618篇 |
经济学 | 9523篇 |
综合类 | 1333篇 |
运输经济 | 285篇 |
旅游经济 | 683篇 |
贸易经济 | 6532篇 |
农业经济 | 2102篇 |
经济概况 | 5855篇 |
信息产业经济 | 2篇 |
邮电经济 | 96篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 362篇 |
2020年 | 478篇 |
2019年 | 621篇 |
2018年 | 799篇 |
2017年 | 847篇 |
2016年 | 799篇 |
2015年 | 672篇 |
2014年 | 1002篇 |
2013年 | 3966篇 |
2012年 | 1556篇 |
2011年 | 1716篇 |
2010年 | 1498篇 |
2009年 | 1565篇 |
2008年 | 1673篇 |
2007年 | 1560篇 |
2006年 | 1522篇 |
2005年 | 1331篇 |
2004年 | 1012篇 |
2003年 | 963篇 |
2002年 | 924篇 |
2001年 | 931篇 |
2000年 | 860篇 |
1999年 | 733篇 |
1998年 | 714篇 |
1997年 | 682篇 |
1996年 | 687篇 |
1995年 | 602篇 |
1994年 | 635篇 |
1993年 | 663篇 |
1992年 | 628篇 |
1991年 | 651篇 |
1990年 | 602篇 |
1989年 | 488篇 |
1988年 | 486篇 |
1987年 | 476篇 |
1986年 | 499篇 |
1985年 | 716篇 |
1984年 | 653篇 |
1983年 | 645篇 |
1982年 | 603篇 |
1981年 | 555篇 |
1980年 | 526篇 |
1979年 | 545篇 |
1978年 | 469篇 |
1977年 | 393篇 |
1976年 | 341篇 |
1975年 | 318篇 |
1974年 | 296篇 |
1973年 | 292篇 |
1972年 | 245篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Conditional probability distributions seem to have a bad reputation when it comes to rigorous treatment of conditioning. Technical arguments are published as manipulations of Radon–Nikodym derivatives, although we all secretly perform heuristic calculations using elementary definitions of conditional probabilities. In print, measurability and averaging properties substitute for intuitive ideas about random variables behaving like constants given particular conditioning information.
One way to engage in rigorous, guilt-free manipulation of conditional distributions is to treat them as disintegrating measures—families of probability measures concentrating on the level sets of a conditioning statistic. In this paper we present a little theory and a range of examples—from EM algorithms and the Neyman factorization, through Bayes theory and marginalization paradoxes—to suggest that disintegrations have both intuitive appeal and the rigor needed for many problems in mathematical statistics. 相似文献
One way to engage in rigorous, guilt-free manipulation of conditional distributions is to treat them as disintegrating measures—families of probability measures concentrating on the level sets of a conditioning statistic. In this paper we present a little theory and a range of examples—from EM algorithms and the Neyman factorization, through Bayes theory and marginalization paradoxes—to suggest that disintegrations have both intuitive appeal and the rigor needed for many problems in mathematical statistics. 相似文献
992.
The paper investigates corporate lobbyists of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). This exploratory study was done in order to better understand the characteristics of corporations that lobby the IASC and to empirically test the applicability of U.S.-based lobbying theories in this international context. Corporations that submitted comment letters about 17 Exposure Drafts and three Draft Statements of Position from 1989 to 1994 were analyzed. Overall, the 100 lobbying corporations were quite large. In the U.S. and in 10 of the 12 other countries examined, lobbying corporations were larger than nonlobbying firms in terms of revenue, income, and assets. Eighty-four percent of all lobbying corporations were listed on at least one foreign stock exchange, and 78% of non-U.S. lobbying corporations had equity securities traded in the U.S. Finally, in 10 of the 12 non-U.S. countries, a higher percentage of lobbying firms than nonlobbying firms had their stock traded in the U.S. Overall, corporations lobbying the IASC tend to be very large both globally and in terms of their country of domicile, listed on at least one foreign exchange, and traded in the U.S. Support is found in this international context for ideas originating in the U.S.-based lobbying literature. 相似文献
993.
Up in the Air: GTE's Experience in the MTA Auction for Personal Communication Services Licenses 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
David J. Salant 《Journal of Economics & Management Strategy》1997,6(3):549-572
In late 1994, GTE, one of the largest telecommunications firms in the world, entered an auction for the rights to provide personal communications services (PCS) using the electromagnetic spectrum. The administering agency, the Federal Communications Commission, adopted a novel multiple-round format for the PCS auction. The format presented GTE with a complex bidding problem. This article describes how the GTE bidding team answered the following question: Given its budget and valuations and the information available about rival bidders, how should GTE bid to achieve the best attainable outcome? 相似文献
994.
There has been an extensive body of research conducted into the technical aspects of the just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing methodology, particularly prior to 1990. It is only in more recent times that the focus has turned toward the more subtle people-related aspects. The recognition of JIT as a truly holistic approach to managing manufacturing operations has led to an appreciation of the importance of the role played by the human variable as well as an emphasis on the impact that organisational structure and management style can have on successful operation. This article examines and analyses the content of a wide range of articles related to issues such as: the need for change in corporate culture, the role of organisational structures, factors significantly impacting chances of success, the importance of employee involvement, how best to involve employees, the importance of training, how/whom/when to train, different team-based organisational structures, the impact of changing roles on various levels of the organisation and the appropriateness of particular change management strategies. An overall picture of the current state of thinking on these issues is thus developed and the importance of these factors to the successful implementation and operation of JIT highlighted. Opportunities for further research in this important area are identified. 相似文献
995.
Susan J. Fox-Wolfgramm 《Scandinavian Journal of Management》1997,13(4):439-455
This discussion integrates key concepts from case research methodology, theory development, the configurational approach to organizations, and actual research experience, in order to suggest a “systematic process” for doing qualitative research, described as the Dynamic-Comparative Case Study Method (D-CCSM). It is believed that D-CCSM is especially appropriate for researchers who: (1) are interested in studying new topical areas in organizations; (2) want to develop testable, midrange, theory from the processual analysis of case studies; (3) would like to replicate their studies in multiple research settings; and (4) have limited research resources. Insights and suggestions for using the D-CCSM approach are also included. 相似文献
996.
James R. Barth Philip F. Bartholomew Peter J. Elmer 《Journal of Economics and Finance》1997,21(2):3-11
This paper examines the 205 insolvent thrifts that were resolved in 1988 and assesses the cost savings obtained by selling
179 of the institutions through assisted acquisitions rather than liquidating them. It is hypothesized that the cost savings
were determined by factors related both to the future viability of the acquired institution and the particulars of the deal
arranged by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board and the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. The added value by selling
a thrift is determined primarily by the level of core deposits obtained by the acquired thrift. However, the branch structure
and purchased mortgage-servicing rights should also add franchise value to the firm. In addition to these factors, the analysis
accounts for the tax benefits and other regulator forbearances associated with the deals. Other characteristics of the deals
are also considered. It is found that core deposits, tax benefits, purchased mortgage-servicing rights, average branch size,
and type of acquirer, as well as some other factors, were significant determinants of the cost savings obtained through selling
an institution rather than liquidating it. 相似文献
997.
Sequential estimation problems for the mean parameter of an exponential distribution has received much attention over the
years. Purely sequential and accelerated sequential estimators and their asymptotic second-order characteristics have been
laid out in the existing literature, both for minimum risk point as well as bounded length confidence interval estimation
of the mean parameter. Having obtained a data set from such sequentially designed experiments, the paper investigates estimation
problems for the associatedreliability function. Second-order approximations are provided for the bias and mean squared error of the proposed estimator of the reliability
function, first under a general setup. An ad hoc bias-corrected version is also introduced. Then, the proposed estimator is
investigated further under some specific sequential sampling strategies, already available in the literature. In the end,
simulation results are presented for comparing the proposed estimators of the reliability function for moderate sample sizes
and various sequential sampling strategies. 相似文献
998.
We consider a problem of selecting the best treatment in a general linear model. We look at the properties of the natural
selection rule. It is shown that the natural selection rule is minimax under to “0–1” loss function and it is a Bayes rule
under a monotone permutation invariant loss function with respect to a permutation invariant prior for every variance balanced
design. Some other condition on the design matrix is given so that a Bayes rule with respect to a normal prior will be of
simple structure. 相似文献
999.
Kent F. Murrmann Michael J. Vest Fabius P. O'Brien 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》1997,10(4):307-314
Sixty-one supervisors were surveyed to examine the importance of organization commitment, union approval, and quality of union-management relationship in explaining supervisor support for hiring permanent replacements in short and long strike situations. Organization commitment and union approval exhibited a unique negative relationship with support for hiring replacements in a short strike, and union approval exhibited a unique negative relationship with support for hiring replacements in a long strike situation. 相似文献
1000.
Daniel J. Koys 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》1997,10(2):93-101
This study investigates the relationship between human resource objectives and Fortune's corporate reputation score. Questionnaires were received from 83 human resource executives of companies measured in Fortune's survey. The questionnaire measured the degree to which the following HR objectives underlie HR activities: (1) treating employees fairly, (2) improving organizational performance, and (3) complying with the law. Results show that a significant, positive correlation exists between emphasis placed on the fairness objective and corporate reputation. 相似文献