西部地区县域经济“要素失衡与缺失陷阱”的破解路径

"要素失衡与缺失陷阱"是我国西部地区县域经济现状的真实写照。自然资源外流、产业结构失衡、资金外流、人才缺失、技术缺失、信息滞后、政府制度供给匮乏都是"要素失衡与缺失陷阱"的典型表现。因此,修缮和填补这些"陷阱"已成为发展西部地区县域经济的当务之急。而找到正确的方法,才能让"陷阱"填平,不再出现坍塌的危险。大力推进西部地区县域体制机制改革;大力推进"三化"联动发展;构建完备的县域经济发展软硬件体系;树开放胸怀,提高决策者、执行者、普通大众的意识水平,则是西部地区县域经济"要素失衡与缺失陷阱"破解路径。     

改革现行会计委派制 建立会计代理制

对于国有企业(及国家机关部门和事业单位)来说,建立“外派”会计制度是内在的要求,应该坚持做好。“外派”会计是财务监督会计,与企业内部管理会计并行不悖。不过,现行的会计委派制确实增加了企业经理人员和委派会计人员或财务总监之间产生对立或合谋的可能性,某种意义上成为政府干预企业的新机制、新形式,这影响到会计委派制的实际效果。而由会计师事务所等中介服务机构来充当企业的财务总监的会计代理制却能较好地隔离政府与企业,并在两者之间形成适当的平衡。     

Capitalizing Research & Development: Signaling or Earnings Management?

This paper analyzes the capitalization of Research & Development (R&D) expenditures under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Discretionary R&D capitalization can be exercised by managers to signal private information on future economic benefits to the market. It can, however, also serve as opportunistic earnings management. We analyze a unique, hand-collected sample of highly R&D intensive German IFRS firms during 1998–2012. We find that market values are not associated with capitalized R&D for the overall sample, indicating that earnings management may be a concern. We identify firm-years for which R&D capitalization is possibly used for pushing their earnings above a specific threshold (e.g. analysts' forecasted earnings, prior year's earnings). Our results show that both the decision to capitalize and how much to capitalize are strongly associated with benchmark beating. Consistently, we find that market values are negatively associated with capitalized R&D for firms who are likely to use capitalization for benchmark beating (about one third of the overall sample). On the other hand, the market values R&D capitalization positively for well-performing firms, for which capitalizing does not matter to beat an earnings benchmark (about half of the overall sample). This finding is robust to controls for endogeneity, various deflators, and different measures for earnings management.     

网络营销满足了消费者的个性化需求

消费需求发展史是一个周而复始的轮回过程。人类生产力水平、科技水平、化环境发展到今天，人们的消费需求已完全个性化。企业应充分利用Internet的发展优势，进行网络营销，这是个性化满足的新方向。     

魏晋时期的"重情"心态

汉末魏晋六朝是中国精神史上极自由、极解放、最富于智慧、最浓于热情的时代,也是人格上、思想上澄明高贵的时代.本文就"重情"现象,从观念和社会中去理解、阐述,并对其原因、表现作一描述.     

铁路货车制动梁检修生产线在昆明北车辆段中的应用

本文通过对铁路货车制动梁检修生产线进行分析,阐述设备的组成、技术指标,以及相关的设备等,并详细分析了控制系统,进而为铁路货车制动梁检修生产线在昆明北车辆段中的应用提供参考依据。     

Employee stock ownership and financial performance in European countries: The moderating effects of uncertainty avoidance and social trust

This study investigates how the effect of employee stock ownership on financial performance may hinge on the diverse cultural and societal contexts of European countries. Based on agency and national culture theories, we hypothesize that the positive relationship between employee stock ownership and return on assets (ROA) is stronger in those nations with lower uncertainty avoidance and higher social trust. Using a multisource, time‐lagged, large‐scale dataset of 1,741 firms from 21 countries in Europe, our multilevel, random coefficient modeling analysis found evidence for these hypotheses, suggesting that uncertainty avoidance and social trust serve as important contextual cues in predicting the linkage between employee stock ownership and financial performance. Our supplemental analysis with distinction between the managerial and nonmanagerial employee stock ownership further indicates managerial employee stock ownership has a direct positive effect on ROA. Although nonmanagerial employee stock ownership had a nonsignificant association with ROA, the relationship was positive and significant when uncertainty avoidance was low and social trust was high. This research contributes to the existing literature by illuminating some of the contextual influences altering the effectiveness of employee stock ownership. Our findings also offer practical suggestions for effectively using employee stock ownership.     

强制性垄断分拆的机制设计

本文研究政府主导的"强制性垄断分拆"对价格、竞争以及公司收益的影响.假定政府通过对垄断公司的产品空间进行分割来建立若干独立的公司,并且同组产品完全互补,跨组产品存在一定程度(但非完全)替代.结论为,当跨组产品之间的替代性较弱时,"强制性垄断分拆"的不利影响较小;当产量的增加占主导地位时,"强制性垄断分拆"不仅不会影响公司的收益,甚至可能增加公司的收益.中国电信业的案例研究支持模型的基本结论.